Pine ornament of Indian shawls, 210 Pleistocene, a small fraction of earth's crust, 42 series or system, 38, 39 Pliny the elder at Vesuvius, 58 Pocahontes, the Algonkian princess, 153 Prehistoric men, art of, 35-54 successive ages of, 36-39 Printings from engraved cylinders, 11, 16, 17 Race, pride of, 150, 152, 153 Racehorse, English thoroughbred, history of, 147 Races, nature of, 143 produce mongrels by cross-breeding, 140 Reindeer, cave-man's engraving of, 46 period, 7 Restoration of the Lortet picture of the Three Deer, 13 Rhinoceros drawn on wall of a cavern, 46 Rice, polished, the story of, and the disease beri-beri, 234 Rock-oil, 225 Romanes, Dr. George, his experiments on the suspended animation of seeds, 184 Rotifer, the common, or wheel animalcule, 159 Scandinavian silver work showing swastikas, 196 Schliemann, fragment of pottery found by, in Tiryns, 23 swastikas discovered by, at Hissarlik, 193 Scurvy, description of, 229 Seeds, frozen, survive, 177 Simplification of decorative designs (figures of), 206 Smoke nuisance, London citizen executed for producing it in 1306, 217 Sparrows, variations in, 118 Species, an attempt to estimate their number, 129 in the making, 108 Latin names for, why used, 96 not a convention, but a naturally limited group of individuals, 100 not the same as a variety or a race, 101 of common English plants, 98 of crayfish, 120 types or type-specimens of, 96 what the word means, 91-99 Specific characters, 118-130 Spencer, Herbert, on life, 183 Spirals carved on mammoth ivory, 54 Statuette of a man, 51 St. Germain, museum of, 1, 11, 45 Stork theory of the swastika, 207 Strata of the earth's crust, thickness of, 40, 41 Streptocone, the bent cone or comma-like figure forming half a Tomoye, 215, 216 Sulphuric acid, weight of poisonous, annually discharged over London, 218 Sun-fish, 130 Survival value, 124, 125 Suspended animation, 173-190 Swastika, mode of forming a, in India, 199 on a piece of painted pottery from Tiryns, figure of, associated with horse and fish, 23 possible derivation from a doubled Tomoye, 210 related to the tetraskelion, with four curved arms, shown in Fig. 58, 212 the, 191-208 Tapirs, the two living species of, 109 Temperature, measurement of, 174 Thoroughbred English racehorse a mongrel, 147 Tiger, sabre-toothed, 9 Time, estimate of, in geology, 43 Tinning of vegetables destroys their anti-scorbutic value, 235 Tiryns, fragment of pottery from (date 800 B.C.), and having swastika and horse and fish, 23 Toads in coal, 221 Toleration in nature, 128 Tomoye, the, and its relation to the swastika, 208-216 Triskelion of Sicily and the Isle of Man, history of, 203 Variation in nature, 110 made use of by gardeners and breeders, 111