5. _Adamantine chains_. Wakefield quotes Æschylus, _Prom. Vinct._ vi.: [Greek: Adamantinôn desmôn en arrêktois pedais]. Cf. Milton, _P. L._ i. 48: "In adamantine chains and penal fire;" and Pope, _Messiah_, 47: "In adamantine chains shall Death be bound." 7. _Purple tyrants_. Cf. Pope, _Two Choruses to Tragedy of Brutus_: "Till some new tyrant lifts his purple hand." Wakefield cites Horace, _Od._ i. 35, 12: "Purpurei metuunt tyranni." 8. _With pangs unfelt before_. Cf. Milton, _P. L._ ii. 703: "Strange horror seize thee, and pangs unfelt before." 9-12. Cf. Bacon, _Essays_, v. (ed. 1625): "Certainly, Vertue is like pretious Odours, most fragrant when they are incensed [that is, burned], or crushed:[1] For _Prosperity_ doth best discover Vice;[2] But _Adversity_ doth best discover Vertue." [Footnote 1: So in his _Apophthegms_, 253, Bacon says: "Mr. Bettenham said: that virtuous men were like some herbs and spices, that give not their sweet smell till they be broken or crushed."] [Footnote 2: Cf. Shakespeare, _Julius Cæsar_, ii. 1: "It is the bright day that brings forth the adder."] Cf. also Thomson: "If Misfortune comes, she brings along The bravest virtues. And so many great Illustrious spirits have convers'd with woe, Have in her school been taught, as are enough To consecrate distress, and make ambition E'en wish the frown beyond the smile of fortune." 16. Cf. Virgil, _Æn._ i. 630: "Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco." 18. _Folly's idle brood_. Cf. the opening lines of _Il Penseroso_: "Hence, vain deluding Joys, The brood of Folly, without father bred!" 20. Mitford quotes Oldham, _Ode_: "And know I have not yet the leisure to be good." 22. _The summer friend_. Cf. Geo. Herbert, _Temple_: "like summer friends, flies of estates and sunshine;" Quarles, _Sion's Elegies_, xix.: "Ah, summer friendship with the summer ends;" Massinger, _Maid of Honour_: "O summer friendship." See also Shakespeare, _T. of A._ iii. 6: "_2d Lord_. The swallow follows not summer more willing than we your lordship. "_Timon_ [_aside_]. Nor more willingly leaves winter; such summer-birds are men;" and _T. and C._ iii. 3: "For men, like butterflies, Shew not their mealy wings but to the summer." Mitford suggests that Gray had in mind Horace, _Od._ i. 35, 25: "At vulgus infidum et meretrix retro Perjura cedit; diffugiunt cadis Cum faece siccatis amici Ferre jugum pariter dolosi." 25. _In sable garb_. Cf. Milton, _Il Pens._ 16: "O'erlaid with black, staid Wisdom's hue." 28. _With leaden eye_. Evidently suggested by Milton's description of Melancholy, _Il Pens._ 43: "Thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes; There, held in holy passion still, Forget thyself to marble, till With a sad leaden downward cast Thou fix them on the earth as fast."