Select Specimens of Natural History Collected in Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile. Volume 5.Bruce, James
History
Select Specimens of Natural History Collected in Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile. Volume 5.
Bruce, James
Natural history -- Egypt; Natural history -- Ethiopia; Nile River; Plants -- Egypt; Plants -- Ethiopia; Scientific expeditions -- Egypt
I do not know from what authority the author of the Encyclopedia[42]
refers to the medals of Domitian, where the rhinoceros, he says,
has a double horn; in all those that have been published, one horn
only is figured. The use made of these horns is in the turning-loom;
they are made into cups, and sold to ignorant people as containing
antidotes against poisons; for this quality they generally make part
of the presents of the Mogul and kings of Persia at Constantinople.
Some modern naturalists have scarce yet given over this prejudice;
which might have had a possibility of truth while the Galenical school
flourished, and vegetable poisons were chiefly used; but it is absurd
to suppose, that what might discover solanum, or deadly night-shade,
upon contact, would have the like effect upon the application of
arsenic; and from experience I can pronounce, that a cup of this is
alike useless in the discovery or either. The handles of daggers are
always, in Abyssinia, made of this horn, and these being the only works
to which they are applied, is one of the reasons why I have said we
should not rashly pronounce that the Asiatic rhinoceros has but one
horn, merely because the foremost, or round horn, is the only one of
the many that have been sent from India. In Abyssinia we seldom see the
hunters at the pains to cut off or bring to market the second horn of
the rhinoceros they have slain, because, being flat, in place of round,
it has not diameter or substance enough to serve for the uses just
spoken of; so that the round horn is the only one that appears either
at Gondar or Cairo; and if we were to judge from this circumstance, the
African rhinoceros is unicorn for the same reason as we do the Asiatic.
The horns of this animal are hard and solid, of a reddish brown on the
outside, a yellow inclining to gold within, and the heart a spot of
black, which occupies the space of near two inches where the diameter
of the horn is five. The surface takes a perfect polish, but when dried
is very liable to splinter and crack. It likewise warps with heat,
and scratches easily. And this was the reason that, though exceeding
beautiful when new, it never would endure any time when made into the
form of a snuff-box, but warped and split with the heat of the pocket,
though this I believe was chiefly owing to the lamina, or flat pieces
into which it was cut, being always left too thin. The foremost of
these horns crook inward at the point, but by no means with so sudden a
curve as is represented by the Count de Buffon. How sensible the animal
is in this part, may be known from the accident I was eye-witness to
in hunting him at Tcherkin, where a musquet-ball breaking off a point
of that horn, gave him such a shock, as to deprive him for an instant
of all appearance of life. Behind the foremost, or crooked horn, is
the flat straight one, and again immediately behind that I have seen
distinctly the rudiments of a third, and the horn full an inch long. If
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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