Above all things a father should set an example to his children in his own person, by avoiding all faults of commission or omission. His life should be the glass by which they form themselves and are put out of conceit with all ugliness of act or speech. For him to rebuke his erring sons when guilty of the same errors himself, is to become his own accuser while ostensibly theirs. Indeed, if his life is bad, he is disqualified from reproving even a slave, much more his son. Moreover, he will naturally [Sidenote: B] become their guide and teacher in wrongdoing. Where there are old men without shame, inevitably there are quite shameless young ones also. To obtain good behaviour from our children we should therefore strive to carry out every moral duty. An example to follow is that of Eurydice, who, though belonging to a thoroughly barbarous country like Illyria, nevertheless took to study and self-improvement late in life for the sake of her children’s education. Her maternal affection finds apt expression in the lines inscribed upon her offering to the Muses: [Sidenote: C] _In that, when mother to grown boys, she won Her soul’s well-known desire—the skill to use The lore of letters—this Eurydice From Hierapolis sends to each Muse._[60] To compass the whole of the foregoing elements of success is [Sidenote: *] perhaps visionary—a counsel of perfection. But to cultivate the majority of them, though itself requiring good fortune as well as much care, is at any rate a thing within the reach of a human being. Footnote 55: This article is in all probability not the work of Plutarch. See the Introduction. Footnote 56: The play upon words (_ēthikas_, ‘moral’ and _ĕthikas_, ‘of habit’) is not adequately translatable. Footnote 57: The Greek text is here corrupt; the translation represents the probable sense. Footnote 58: The Greek text is again faulty. The sense here given is approximate. Footnote 59: These maxims were probably in the first instance merely hygienic, or even popular superstitions, but subsequently they received recondite interpretations. Footnote 60: The Greek verse is doggerel, and no attempt is made to better it in the English. NOTES ON PERSONS AND PLACES The following brief notes are intended to supply the bare amount of information necessary for an understanding of the text. The pronunciation marks are, of course, added only for the sake of those who have no Greek. An accent marks the syllable which should bear the stress in the English pronunciation, and the signs [ă ĕ ĭ ŏ ŭ] and [ā ē ī ō ū], imply that the vowels are short or long respectively. q.v. = see the note on that name. =Ábaris=: a legendary Scythian or ‘Hyperborean’ priest of Apollo, to whom miraculous powers were attributed in the way of cures and prophecy. =Aeolians=: inhabitants of Aeolis, the NE. coast of the Aegean, with the island of Lesbos.