In theory the number of Cosmi might be infinite, but a shrinking from
the vague ‘Infinity’, in later times associated with the Epicureans, led
Plato, for instance, to restrict the number to a possible five. That he
based this number upon that of the five regular solids may seem
fanciful, but the solid angles and forms observed in crystals might
reasonably suggest the hypothesis that the ultimate constituents of the
crust of the earth would be found in the most perfect solid structures
known to theory. In theory there is much that is attractive in these
five solids. To one coming fresh from a study of Plane Polygonal
Figures, which exist in infinite number, and, when regular, approximate
more and more closely to the Plane Circle, it comes as a surprise to
find that, in the next higher degree, the number of solid bodies so
approximating to the Sphere is five only. Again, it seems almost a
paradox that, of these five, the nearest approximation to the Sphere is
attained, not by the body with twenty fine faces, but by that which
shews only twelve, and those comparatively blunted and unshapely
(pentagons). It was perhaps from such considerations that the
Dodecahedron was held of special importance by the Pythagoreans. Plato’s
study of the several faces of these solids, as available for
construction or reconstruction of a world, leaves nothing to be desired,
assuming that a solid body can be built out of plane figures, an
assumption which appears to belong to the same habit of thought as that
which makes the point the square of unity, and the lineal measure
corresponding to the number two the first rectangle. As the pentagon
defies the analysis available for the equilateral triangle or for the
square, the Dodecahedron remains over, a model or pattern of a
stitch-work world, as viewed from outside (_Phaedo_ 110 B and _Timaeus_
55 C; see also Burnet’s _Early Greek Philosophy_, p. 341 foll.). It may
not be amiss to be reminded that Kepler, mathematician as well as
astronomer, spent many toilsome years in the endeavour to arrange the
members of our solar system upon a plan based on the five solids. ‘If
Kepler went out “to seek his father’s asses”, he found a kingdom, for it
was in the course of these speculations, and through them, that he
discovered not only his own “Third Law”, but also the truth, overlooked
by Copernicus, that the orbit of each planet lies in a plane which
passes through the centre of the sun.’ (Dreyer, _Planetary Systems_, p.
410.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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