We have few indications of date, or of mutual relations between the
three Dialogues. I is based upon the author’s recollection of a
conversation which took place ‘a long time ago’, about A. D. 66, the
date of Nero’s visit to Greece. A principal speaker is Ammonius the
Peripatetic philosopher of Lamprae, Plutarch’s instructor, who also
speaks, with the same authority, in III. In II, Serapion, the Athenian
poet, to whom the collection is dedicated in I, takes a leading part.
Theon, a literary friend, who appears frequently in the _Symposiacs_ and
in the _Face in the Moon_ comes into I and II. An interesting person is
Demetrius of Tarsus, another literary friend, who, in III, has just
returned from Britain, and who has been probably identified with
‘Demetrius the Scribe’, named on two bronze tablets found at York, and
now in the York Museum (see _Hermes_, vol. 46, p. 156). The year of
Callistratus at Delphi, which marks the date of III, is conjecturally
fixed as A. D. 83-4 (see Pontow in _Philologus_ for 1895, and cp.
_Sympos._ vii. 5). As Agricola’s term of office ended in A. D. 84 or 85,
Demetrius may have served under him. The general tranquillity of the
world depicted in III hardly gives us much to build upon.
In I Plutarch and his brother Lamprias are both speakers. Lamprias
appears in his usual character, a good companion, light-hearted and
reckless; Plutarch speaks gravely and at length, and the debate is
closed by Ammonius. In III Lamprias, Plutarch not being named, speaks
gravely throughout, and, on the suggestion of Ammonius, closes the
debate. In II, neither brother is named, and the last speaker is Theon.
In the Symposiac Dialogues one or other brother is usually present,
sometimes both. In the _Face in the Moon_ Lamprias alone takes part, and
he acts as moderator.
It is not easy to interpret these facts. M. Gréard concludes that
Lamprias died early. If so, was the name, which was borne by the
grandfather and by one of the sons, transferred, for literary purposes,
to Plutarch himself? M. Chenevière, in his pleasant essay on Plutarch’s
friends (a Latin prize dissertation) suggests that, under whatever name,
the leading speaker always conveys Plutarch’s own views.
Certain topics recur in this series of Dialogues. Thus the problem as to
the meaning of the E at Delphi, which is the main subject of I, is
glanced at, with some impatience, by Philippus the historian in III.
The identification of Apollo with the sun, dismissed at the end of I as
a mere beautiful fancy, is questioned again in III and allowed to stand
over as unsettled. It is touched upon in II, c. 12.
The hypothesis of a plurality of worlds, brought forward by Plutarch in
I. c. 11, with special reference to the views of Plato in the _Timaeus_,
reappears, again in connexion with the five regular solids, in III.
It may be noticed that Plutarch was not, at the date of the conversation
narrated in I, a priest of the temple (see c. 16).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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