XV. ‘My most important point’, I went on, ‘may, I fear, bear hardly on
Plato, just as he said that Anaxagoras “was hardly used by the name
Selene”, when he had wished to appropriate the theory of her
illumination, really a very old one. Are not [Sidenote: B] these Plato’s
words, in the _Cratylus_?‘[68] ‘They certainly are,’ said Eustrophus,
‘but I fail to see the resemblance.’ ‘Very well then; you know, I
suppose, that in the “_Sophist_”[69] he proves that the supreme
principles are five: being, identity, difference, and after these, as
fourth and fifth, movement and position. But in the _Philebus_[70] he
divides on a different plan. He distinguishes the unlimited and the
limited, from whose combination comes the origin of all being. The cause
of combination he takes to be a fourth. The fifth, whereby things so
mingled are again parted and distinguished, he has left to us to guess.
I [Sidenote: C] conjecture that those on the one list are figures of
those on the other; to being corresponds that which becomes, to motion
the unlimited; to position the limited, to identity the combining
principle, to difference that which distinguishes. But if the two sets
are different, yet, on one view as on the other, there would be five
classes, and five modes of difference. Some early inquirer, it will
surely be said, saw into this before Plato, and consecrated two “E’s” to
the God, as a manifestation and symbol of the number of all things. But
further, having perceived that the good also takes shape under five
heads, firstly [Sidenote: D] moderation, secondly symmetry, thirdly
mind, fourthly the sciences and arts and true opinions which relate to
soul, fifthly every pleasure which is pure and unmingled with what
causes pain, he there leaves off, merely suggesting the Orphic verse,
_In the sixth order let the strain be stayed!_
XVI. ‘Having said so much’, I went on, ‘to you all, I will sing one
short stave to Nicander and “his cunning men”.[71]
‘On the sixth day of the new moon, when the Pythia is introduced into
the Prytaneum by one person, the first of your three castings of lot is
a single one, namely the five: the three [Sidenote: E] against the two.’
‘It is so,’ said Nicander, ‘but the reason may not be disclosed to
others.’ ‘Then,’ I answered with a smile, ‘until such time as we become
priests, and the God allows us to know the truth, this much and no more
shall be added to what we have to say about the Pempad.’ Such, so far as
I remember, was the end of our account of the arithmetical or
mathematical reasons for extolling the letter ‘E’.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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