Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneurosesFreud, Sigmund
Science
Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneuroses
Freud, Sigmund
Hysteria; Neuroses; Psychoanalysis
The hysterical stream of thought, even if it reaches into the
unconscious, may be expected to show the same logical connections and
sufficient causations as those that would be formed in a normal
individual. A looseness of these relationships does not lie within the
sphere of influence of the neurosis. If the association of ideas of
neurotics, and especially of hysterics, makes a different impression, if
the relation of the intensities of different ideas does not seem to be
explainable here on psychological determinants alone, we know that such
manifestations are due to the existence of concealed unconscious
motives. Such secret motives may be expected wherever such a deviation
in the connection, or a transgression from the normally justified
causations can be demonstrated.
To be sure one must free himself from the theoretical prejudice that one
has to deal with abnormal brains of dégénerés and deséquilibrés, in whom
the freedom of overthrowing the common psychological laws of the
association of ideas is a stigma, or in whom a preferred idea without
any motive may grow intensively excessive, and another without
psychological motives may remain indestructible. Experience shows the
contrary in hysteria; as soon as the hidden—often unconsciously
remaining—motives have been revealed and brought to account there
remains nothing in the hysterical thought connection that is enigmatical
and anomalous.
Thus by tracing the breaches in the first statements of the patient,
which are often hidden by “false connections,” one gets hold of a part
of the logical thread at the periphery, and thereafter continues the
route by the pressure procedure.
Very seldom do we succeed in working our way into the inner strata by
the same thread, usually it breaks on the way when the pressure fails,
giving up either no experience, or one which cannot be explained or be
continued despite all efforts. In such a case we soon learn how to
protect ourselves from the obvious confusion. The expression of the
patient must decide whether one really reached an end or encountered a
case needing no psychic explanation, or whether it is the enormous
resistance that halts the work. If the latter cannot soon be overcome,
it may be assumed that the thread has been followed into a strata which
is as yet impenetrable. One lets it fall in order to grasp another
thread which may, perhaps, be followed up just as far. If one has
followed all the threads into this strata, if the knottings have been
reached through which no single isolated thread can be followed, it is
well to think of seizing anew the resistances on hand.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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