Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneurosesFreud, Sigmund
Science
Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneuroses
Freud, Sigmund
Hysteria; Neuroses; Psychoanalysis
With the description of the treatment I endeavored to interweave the
explanations which I gave about the case of Miss Elisabeth v. R. and it
will perhaps be superfluous to summarize here the essential features. I
have discussed the character of the patient and the features which
repeat themselves in so many hysterics, and which we really can not
consider as degenerative. I mentioned the talent, the ambition, the
moral sensitiveness, the immense yearning for love which found its
gratification in the family, the independence of her nature reaching
beyond the womanly ideal which manifested itself largely by obstinacy,
readiness for fight, and inaccessibility. According to the information
of my colleague no hereditary taints could be shown on either side of
the family. Her mother, to be sure, suffered for years from some
indefinite neurotic depression, but her brothers and sisters, her father
and his family belonged to the even-tempered and not to the nervous.
There was no serious case of neuropsychosis in the nearest relatives.
This nature was acted upon by painful emotions, the foremost of which
was the debilitating influence of a long attendance upon her beloved
sick father.
That nursing of the sick plays such a significant rôle in the histories
of hysterias has its good reasons. A number of effective moments which
are found here are quite obvious, namely, the disturbance of the
physical health through interrupted sleep, neglect of nourishment, and
the reaction of a constantly gnawing worriment on the vegetative
functions; but the most important factor, however, is, in my estimation,
to be found elsewhere. He whose mind is occupied with the hundred
different tasks of nursing which succeed each other continuously for
weeks and months, becomes accustomed, on the one hand, to suppress all
signs of his own emotions, and on the other, his attention is soon
turned away from his own impressions because he has neither the time nor
strength to do them justice. Thus the nurse accumulates for himself an
over abundance of affective impressions which he barely perceived
clearly enough, at any rate they were not weakened by ab-reaction, that
is, he creates for himself the material for a retention hysteria. If the
patient recovers these impressions naturally become reduced in value,
but if he dies and the period of mourning comes during which only that
which refers to the deceased seems of value, the impressions waiting for
discharge appear in turn, and after a brief pause of exhaustion the
hysteria, the germ of which originated during the nursing, bursts forth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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