Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2: Notes
General
Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2: Notes
English literature -- Middle English, 1100-1500
#Vocabulary:# The foreign element in these texts is small. French are
bikehte bikeihte (first appearance), cunin kuning, ermine (f. a.),
martres 50/362 (f. a.), sabeline (f. a.), serueden, werre: sōt is
pre-Conquest French, soht 30/30, written for sŏtt, a pre-Conquest Latin
borrowing: Sathanas with _th_ is French. Scandinavian are bene, efninges
eueningges (influenced by #efen#), ille, laȝe loȝe, lofte, niþinges,
þralles þrelles, wrange wronge, and possibly fruden frute, lan 32/64:
baþe boþe in a Southern text may descend from OE. #bā þā# (Björkman,
108).
#Metre:# The Septenarius is a purely syllabic metre of seven feet, with
or without end-rhyme, fashioned on the model of such mediaeval Latin
verse as the well-known méum | ést pro|pósit|úm || ín ta|bérna | móri;
the first section of the line having four stresses with a masculine and
the second three with a feminine ending. The trochaic rhythm of the
verse is very often changed into iambic by the addition of a syllable as
prelude before either half of the verse: the full scheme is accordingly
(x)x́xx́xx́xx́ || (x)x́xx́xx́x̀. This is perfectly exemplified in the
Ormulum with its invariable line of fifteen syllables, but in the PM,
the earliest known attempt at the metre in English, the influence of the
native prosody is strong, and a regular line like Þe Món | þe wúl|e
sík|er bón || to háb|ben Gód|es blíssè L 39 is uncommon. The following
scansions of L illustrate the deviations from the norm of the verse:
ich ém | nu áld|er þénẹ | ich wés || awín|tre ént | a láre
Ich wél|de má|re þénẹ | ich déde || mi wít | áhte | bon máre
Wel lóngẹ | ich háb|be chíld | ibón || a wórd|e ént | a déde
þáh ich | bó a | wíntre | áld || to ȝúng | ich ém | on réde
v́nnet | líf ich | hábbẹ i|léd || ⁊ ȝét | me þíngþ | iléde 5
þénnẹ ich | mé bi|þénche | wél || ful sárẹ | ich mé | adréde
mést al | þét ich | hábbẹ i|dón || bífealt | tó child|háde
Wel látẹ | ich háb|be mé | biþócht || búte | Gód me nu | réde
Fólẹ id|el wórd | ich hábbẹ | iquéðen || sóððen | ich spék|e kúðe
fóle | ȝúnge | dédẹ i|dón || þe mé | ofþínch|et núðe 10
Mést al | þét me | líkedẹ | ér || nú hit | mé mis|líkeð
þa múch|el fúl|iéð | his wíl || híne | sólf he bi|swíkeð
Ich míh|te háb|be bét | idón || héfdẹ ich | þé i|sélþe
Nú ich | wáldẹ ah | ích ne | meí || for éldẹ | ⁊ fór | unhélþe
Élde | me ís | bistól|en ón || ér ich | hít | wíste 15
ne míchtẹ | ich séon | bifór|e mé || for smí|ke né | for míste
Érȝe | we béoð | to dón|e gód || ⁊ to úf|elẹ ál | to þríste
Marẹ éi|e stónd|eð mén | of mónne || þánnẹ hom | dó of | críste
þe wél | ne dóð | þe hwílẹ (þe) | ho múȝen || wél oft
| hít schal | rówen
þénnẹ _ho_ | máwen | scúlen ⁊ | répen || þét ho | ér | sówen 20
Dó he | to gód|e þét | he múȝe || þe hwílẹ (ꝥ) | he bó | alíue
ne líp|nie ná | món | to múchel || to chíld|e né | to wíue
[þé] þe | hím | sólue | forȝét || for wí|ue né | for chílde
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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