Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2: Notes
General
Selections from Early Middle English, 1130-1250. Part 2: Notes
English literature -- Middle English, 1100-1500
9. #hu--idon#: Madden translates, ‘how they were disposed (their
business)’: Mätzner, Sprachproben, says it corresponds exactly to OHG.
wio getân, how conditioned, circumstanced; but his dictionary does not
notice this use, which appears to be without support, for ‘þine ræddes
ne beod noht idon,’ L 24956, where Madden translates, vaguely, ‘good,’
seems to mean, your counsels are not completed, i.e. ripe, perfect. On
the other hand, wel idon occurs in L at least twenty-three times; with
it Madden compares MHG. wol getan, translating good, excellent, brave;
but it means more specifically, well equipped, (1) mentally, comp.
104/180; ‘þa wifmen wel idone[;] and þa betere biwitene,’ L 24677: (2)
physically, 96/63; ‘ah he ne blakede no[;] for he wes cniht wel ido{n},’
L 7524; well fitted out, ‘scipen he hæfde sone[;] monie ⁊ wel idone,’ L
28234; well provided with money, ‘þe riche burh wel idone,’ L 5923; ‘Ðu
ert wel don man,’ OEH ii. 29/15, the latter answering to the colloquial
‘well-to-do.’ Similar expressions are seen in ‘cnihtes wel bihedde,’ L
18010; ‘Jurdan is his bur-cniht[;] he is swiðe wel idiht,’ id. 18960;
‘twa hundred scipene[;] þer weoren wel biwitene,’ id. 20505; ‘wel
bifunden,’ Orm 73/2176. The meaning here is accordingly, how they were
provided for; a polite way of asking what they wanted.
11. #cuðen#, knew how, were able.
13. #heren#, obey: comp. 94/19; ‘nulle we him nauere hæren[;] ne hælde
for ure hærre,’ L 7671, 4887, 8483.
15. #Cantuarie#: see 1/14.
16. #Hæhliche spilede#: Madden translates ‘nobly diverted themselves,’
with the usual meaning of OE. #spilian#, to play; and his interpretation
is supported by, ‘mid haueken ⁊ mid hunden[;] hired-plæie luuien,’ L
14480. Luhmann, p. 91, regards this place as the only instance of that
meaning in Layamon; he points out that everywhere else (as at 110/266)
spilien has, from expressions like ‘spilede mid worden,’ L 17269,
‘plaȝede mid worden,’ L 17335, developed the meaning, to discourse,
proper to OE. #spellian#. It seems unnecessary to make an exception
here; the explanation, held high counsel, gives a good sense, and one
more suitable for ‘hæhliche’ than the other.
17. #folc kinge#: comp. 96/47: variants are, ‘biforen þen folke kinge,’
L 9107; ‘þeos folkes ki{n}g,’ id. 4872; ‘leod king,’ id. 6797; ‘leode
king,’ id. 3691; ‘leodene king,’ id. 5394; ‘leodisc king,’ id. 2144. As
here, O avoids the archaic expression in each case except the last,
where it has, ‘on leodene king.’ Comp. OE. #folc-cyning#, #lēod-cyning#.
18. #Sone swa#: see 130/51.
20. #mid rihten at halden#, retain them and treat them fairly.
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