(3) The _constituent books_ doubtless here, as with the Christian writers who name 22 as the total and enumerate the books (cp. Origen in Eus. _H.E._ VI. 25), coincide with the normal Hebrew canon. Dr. Ryle (_Canon of O.T._ p. 165 f.) concludes that the 13 books of the Prophets are probably (1) Joshua, (2) Judges + Ruth, (3) Sam., (4) Kings, (5) Chron., (6) Ezra + Nehemiah, (7) Esther, (8) Job, (9) Isaiah, (10) Jeremiah + Lamentations (11) Ezekiel, (12) Minor Prophets, (13) Daniel; while the group of four will comprise (1) Psalms with (2) Song of Songs, constituting the “hymns,” and (3) Proverbs with (4) Ecclesiastes, the “practical precepts.” The view of Grätz that Josephus omitted Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs, as not having yet been admitted to the canon, has not met with acceptance. (4) The canon here laid down has not governed the historian’s practice. He does not scruple to draw upon apocryphal books like 1 Maccabees, nor does he hint that the authorities used in the latter part of the _Antiquities_, for the period subsequent to “Artaxerxes,” are less trustworthy than the rest; he implies, on the contrary, that the whole work is in accordance with “the holy books” (cp. _Ant._ I. 17; XX. 261). The reader may consult in particular the works on the _Canon of the O.T._ by Ryle (pp. 160-66) and Buhl and the article “Bible Canon” in the _Jewish Encylopædia_. Footnote 434: Fürst (_Kanon des A.T._), p. 4. TABLE OF DATES The figures in brackets refer to the numbered translations. B.C. JUDÆA AND SYRIA. ROME. 135 JOHN HYRCANUS I (56) 104 ARISTOBULUS I 103 ALEXANDER JANNÆUS (57) 76 QUEEN ALEXANDRA (57) (58) 67 ARISTOBULUS II 63 Pompey takes Jerusalem and Syria becomes a Roman province (8) 63-40 HYRCANUS II a Roman vassal _c._ 57 Gabinius divides Palestine into five districts (9) 48 Battle of Pharsalia. Defeat of Pompey by J. Cæsar 47 Palestinian settlement under J. Cæsar (10) _c._ 46 Antipater and Herod in power. Trial of Herod (12) 44 Death of J. Cæsar _c._ 43 Cassius in Syria. Herod made governor of Cœle-Syria (13) 42 Battle of Philippi. Defeat of Brutus and Cassius by Antony and Octavian 41 Antony appoints Herod and Phasæl tetrarchs of Judæa (14) 40 Invasion of Palestine by the Parthians. Flight of Herod to Rome (15)