For women in the climacteric the X-ray method is, by general consent, best. But Steinach contends that increased well-being and capacity thus caused are really due to regeneration of the interstitial ovarian structures. General debility and climacteric metrorrhagias are distinctly helped by this method because the interstitial portion of the ovary is not affected by the X-ray whereas the colloidal-albuminoid precipitation occurs in the cells of the Graafian follicles, which are radio-sensitive, the same as the metaplastic cells. The affected cells disappear by autolysis. Menopause sets in and the interstitial portion alone whose hormones produce the rejuvenating effect remains functioning. The effects of transplantation, too, are the same and the shrinking of the transplanted gland seems due to atrophy and should not prevent rejuvenating effects. E. Payr[187] calls attention to the fact that Steinach’s puberty glands, which correspond to the Leydig cells, are those that secrete internally and that it is these that act so powerfully upon secondary sex qualities and bring what often appears to be a renewal of youth. His operation is especially indicated in the case of subjects with healthy internal organs who are growing prematurely old and who give evidence of loss of function of secondary sexual characteristics. G. F. Lydston[188] describes nine cases of men with atrophied testes, injured, or removed, which were replaced _in situ_ surgically by those from the bodies of boys recently dead. The glands from the boys were removed within a few hours after death and generally subjected to cold storage for some hours and then ingrafted upon the older patient. The boys from whom they were taken were healthy boys who had suffered sudden or violent death and there might be an interval of many hours not only between the death and the removal but between the latter and the implantation. In all these cases Lydston reports more or less improvement by the operation, which in a few cases was marked. The transplanted glands atrophy and disappear more rapidly when the recipient has more or less well developed testes of his own. Apparently permanent local results were best obtained in those cases in which the patient had very little gland tissue. Lydston thinks that there may be a sort of parasitic action of the patient’s own glands upon the transplanted ones. His own organs probably contribute the nutritive pabulum otherwise available for the implanted ones but the therapeutic results are obtained and sustained even when the implanted gland eventually disappears. He thinks that the notable result obtained by Dr. I. L. Stanley, where the glands from a Negro hanged for murder were implanted in the scrotum of a white moron, apparently with remarkable results, suggests that atrophy may take place more slowly when the donor is of the same race as the recipient. The author doubts whether there is much advantage in anastomosis as to either betterment of