[48] Wilkinson’s “Ancient Egyptians,” vol. iv., p. 412, 413; and King’s “Gnostics,” p. 31. See also Bryant’s “Ancient Mythology,” vol. iv., p. 201. The last-named work contains most curious information as to the extension of serpent-worship. [49] See “The Serpent Symbol in America,” by E.G. Squier, M.A.—“American Archæological Researches,” No. 1 (1851), p. 161, _et seq._; “Palenqué,” by M. de Waldeck and M. Brasseur de Bourbourg (1866), p. 48. [50] Lajard—“Mémoires de l’Institut Royal de France” (Acad. des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres), T. xiv., p. 89. [51] Wood’s “Natural History of Man,” vol. i., p. 185; also Squier’s “Serpent Symbol,” p. 222, _et seq._ [52] I have a strong suspicion that in the primitive shape of the Hebrew legend, as in that of the Mexicans, both the father and mother of the human race had the serpent form. [53] _Op. cit._, p. 46. Rudra, the Vedic form of Siva, the “King of Serpents,” is called the father of the Maruts (winds). See _infrà_ as to identification of Siva with Saturn. [54] The idea of _circularity_ appears to be associated with both these names. See Bryant, _op. cit._, vol. iii., p. 164, and vol. ii., p. 191, as to derivation of Typhon. [55] Lajard. _Op. cit._, p. 182, “Culte de Mithra,” p. 45; also “Mémoire sur l’Hercule Assyrien de M. Raoul-Rochette.” [56] Mr. J. H. Rivett-Carnac suggests that the snake is a “symbol of the phallus.” He adds, “The sun, the invigorating power of nature, has ever, I believe, been considered to represent the same idea, not necessarily obscene, but the great mystery of nature, the life transmitted from generation to generation, or, as Professor Stephens puts it, ‘life out of death, life everlasting.’”—_Snake Symbol in India_ (reprinted from. “Journal of As. Soc. of Bengal”), 1879, p. 13. [57] Wilkinson, _op. cit._, vol. v., p. 65 [58] Ditto, p. 243. [59] Ditto, p. 239. [60] See Ennemoser’s “History of Magic” (Bohn), vol. i., p. 253. [61] Ditto, p. 243. [62] Guigniaut’s “Le Dieu Serapis,” p. 19. [63] _Op. cit._, p. 12. [64] Faber’s “Pagan Idolatry,” vol. 1, p. 424_n._ [65] Prof. Max Müller derives cherubim from [Greek: gryphes], griffins, the guardians of the Soma in the Veda and Avesta. “Chips from a German Workshop,” 2nd ed., i. 157. [66] Ez., c. 28, v. 14-16. [67] See Colenzo’s “Pentateuch” (1865), p. 341. [68] See Faber’s “Pagan Idolatry,” vol. iii., p. 606. [69] C. i., v. 10. [70] C. x., v. 14. [71] _Op. cit._, vol. i., p. 422. [72] Ez., c. i., v. 7. [73] _Op. cit._, vol. i., p. 404. [74] “Chinese,” p. 376. [75] See Faber, _op. cit._, vol. i., pp. 404-410. [76] Lajard, “Le culte de Mithra,” pp. 56, 59. [77] Lajard, _op. cit._, p. 50; _infrà_, p. 39. [78] This superstition is found among peoples—the Kafirs, for instance—who do not appear to possess any trace of planetary worship. [79] This is evident from the facts mentioned above, notwithstanding the use of this animal as a symbol of _wisdom_.