A conclusion so wholesome as this was greatly strengthened by the appearance of another book in immediate reply to Calvin’s ‘Declaration’ and ‘Defence,’ entitled: ‘Contra Libellum Calvini, &c. against Calvin’s book, in which he strives to show that heretics are to be dealt with capitally.’[117] This is the little work that is often referred to as ‘a Dialogue between Calvin and Vaticanus,’ ‘Dialogus inter Calvinum et Vaticanum.’ In the Preface to the copy I have used, the work is ascribed to Sebastian Castellio, and several short papers from this distinguished scholar are appended to the text; but he most certainly was not its author. An old and determined opponent of Calvin, whose doctrine of Predestination and Election he had had the hardihood, in a special pamphlet, to criticise and controvert, Castellio had aroused the ire of Calvin; and it was on this ground probably that he had the credit given him of having written the ‘Dialogus.’ Calvin’s displeasure, we know, never meant anything less than personal hate and persecution, so that, in his answer to what he styles the ‘calumnies’ of Castellio, after the preliminary abuse in which he calls him ‘faithless and unmannered,’ he says, ‘They who do not know thee to be shameless and a deceiver, do not know thee aright. I should like to be informed how thou wilt prove that I am cruel? By throwing the death of thy master Servetus in my face, perhaps; and saying, that with my pen I mangle the body of the man who came to his death through me; but did I not entreat for him? His judges will bear me out in this; two of whom, at least, were his particular patrons.’[118]