───────────────────────────┬───────┬───────────────────────────┬─────── Hand Work │ Per │ Machine Work │ Per │ Day, │ │ Day, │Dollars│ │Dollars ───────────────────────────┼───────┼───────────────────────────┼─────── Foreman │ 4.00│Engineer │ 4.00 Timberman │ 3.00│Fireman │ 2.50 Helper │ 2.50│Coal │ 5.00 4 Laborers at $2.00 │ 80.00│Team │ 4.00 │ │Foreman │ 4.00 │ │Pipe layer │ 3.00 │ │Helper │ 2.50 │ │2 Teams backfilling │ 8.00 │ │2 Helpers │ 4.00 │ │Interest, depreciation and │ │ │ repairs │ 10.00 │ ——————│ │ —————— Total │ 95.00│ Total │ 54.50 ───────────────────────────┴───────┴───────────────────────────┴─────── In making a comparison of the cost of hand and machine excavation the figures given in Table 51 are from “Excavating Machinery” by McDaniel, who quotes the cost of machine excavation from the manufacturers of the Parsons machine issued as the result of several years’ experience with their excavator. In the comparison the hand crew is assumed to dig 315 linear feet of trench 28 inches wide by 12 feet deep in a day of 10 hours. This assumes that each man will excavate 7 cubic yards per day. The machine is assumed to excavate 250 feet of the same trench. The comparison indicates that an excavator will work at about 50 per cent of the cost of hand excavation, if the cost of moving the machine is not included. [Illustration: FIG. 92.—Carson Excavating Machine on Trench Excavation in South Milwaukee. Courtesy, Mr. C. F. Henning. ]