[Footnote 43: Where a large body of men are intensely interested in a competition, as over against a small body of women not seriously interested, any comparison of results is almost out of the question. But the superior physical strength of man is, I believe, disputed in no quarter. The Vassar records have been improved in succeeding years (the 100-yard dash was 13 seconds in 1904, the running high jump 4 feet 2½ inches in 1905, the running broad jump 14 feet 6½ inches in 1904), but Miss Harriet Isabel Ballantine, director of the Vassar College Gymnasium, writes me: "I do not believe women can ever, no matter what the training, approach man in their physical achievements; and I see no reason why they should."] [Footnote 44: Helen B. Thompson, _The Mental Traits of Sex_, p. 178. "While it is improbable that _all_ the difference of the sexes with regard to physical strength can be attributed to persistent difference in training, it is certain that a large part of the difference is explicable on this ground. The great strength of savage women and the rapid increase in strength of civilized women wherever systematic physical training has been introduced both show the importance of this factor."--Ibid., p. 178.] [Footnote 45: "Physical and Mental Deviations from the Normal among Children in Public Elementary and Other Schools," _Report of the Sixty-fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science_, 1894. pp. 434ff.] [Footnote 46: A. Mitchell, "Some Statistics of Idiocy," _Edinburgh Medical Journal_, Vol. XI, p. 639.] [Footnote 47: "Koch's Statistics of Insanity," _Journal of Mental Science_, Vol. XXVI, p. 435.] [Footnote 48: Mayr, _Die Verbreitung der Blindheit, der Taubstummheit, des Blödsinns und des Irrsinns in Baiern_, p. 100.] [Footnote 49: Cf. Campbell, _loc. cit._, pp. 146ff.] [Footnote 50: Ibid., pp. 132-40.] [Footnote 51: J.H. Manley, "Harelip," _International Medical Journal_, Vol. II, pp. 209ff.] [Footnote 52: _Communications of the Massachusetts Medical Society_, Vol. II, No. 3, p. 9.] [Footnote 53: Of the 3,956 individuals examined, 1,645 were males, and of these 47 (2.857 per cent.) presented supernumerary nipples. Of the 3,956 individuals 2,311 were females, and of these 14 (0.605 per cent.) presented supernumerary mammae or nipples. That is, this anomaly was found to occur more than four times as frequently in men as in women.--J. Mitchell Bruce, "On Supernumerary Nipples and Mammae," _Journal of Anatomy and Physiology_, Vol. XIII, p. 432. Leichtenstern, however, whose investigations were of earlier date than those of Bruce, says that supernumerary mammae occur with about equal frequency in the two sexes.--Leichtenstern, "Ueber das Vorkommen und die Bedeutung supernumerärer Brüste und Brustwarzen," Virchow's _Archiv für pathologische Anatomie_, Vol. LXXIII, p. 238.] [Footnote 54: Ellis, _loc. cit._ (4th ed.), pp. 413ff.] [Footnote 55: Lombroso e Ferrero, _La donna delinquente_, chap. 12.]