Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative surveyFoster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
General
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey
Foster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
Lesbians in literature; Sex in literature; Women in literature
*George Eliot.* The eye in search of variance inevitably turns next to
the George in England who had not yet assumed her masculine
cognomen—Mary Ann Evans. This novelist was undoubtedly masculine in many
ways, both physically and psychologically; which of these traits were
inborn and which bred of the childhood adoration of father and brother
so vividly reflected in _Mill on the Floss_, it is impossible to say.
But George Eliot’s masculinity does not seem to have affected her
emotional life. There are, to be sure, a handful of very close women
friends cited in the Hansons’ recent biography:[1] Sara Hennell, near
her own age and, like her, rather masculine; Mary Sibree, the first
young girl she tutored; and later Bessie Parkes and Barbara Leigh
Taylor, young feminists a half dozen years or more her junior. All of
these are mentioned as parties to friendships which were briefly more or
less emotional on one side or both. But even so, two considerations
exclude their subject from a list of variant women until more evidence
is at hand. The concern felt by two of the girls’ families about Mary
Ann Evans’s influence was caused not at all by her emotional temperament
but by her religious unorthodoxy. Furthermore, nothing in George Eliot’s
work reflects any interest in emotional connections between women or
even an awareness of them. Her life, as soon as she was freed from
enslavement to her invalid father, was a succession of excitements
involving men, men who captivated her emotions regardless of whether
they were married or (like Herbert Spencer) incapable of passion. She
was that case so disheartening to the hereditary theorist—an extremely
mannish woman not obsessed with women but with men.
*Margaret Fuller.* The life of an American contemporary of George Sand
and Emily Brontë offers similar suggestions of variance, while her
surviving work is almost equally empty of it. Margaret Fuller, New
England transcendentalist, feminist, and journalist, is remembered for
her _Woman in the Nineteenth Century_, which played a part in this
country comparable to Wollstonecraft’s _Vindication_ in England; for her
editing of the short-lived _Dial_, and for her work at home and abroad
on the staff of Horace Greeley’s _New York Tribune_. She is also
remembered for her friendships with Emerson and Carlyle and her efforts
to familiarize her countrymen with Italian and German literature,
especially the work of Goethe. She is thought to have been the model for
Holmes’ Lurida Vincent and for the Zenobia of Hawthorne’s _Blythedale
Romance_. Catherine Anthony, in one of the first “psychoanalytic”
biographies of this century,[1] reveals the rigorous asceticism and
intellectual forcing imposed upon her during childhood by that puritan
idealist, Timothy Fuller, and argues for a father fixation as the key to
her later emotional life.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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