Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative surveyFoster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
General
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey
Foster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
Lesbians in literature; Sex in literature; Women in literature
The third act of the drama moves to the estate of a wealthy nobleman,
amateur playwright and owner of a private theatre, who has applied to
Kunz for the services of his intriguing “male” star. Most pertinent to
the present study is an interlude in which Franziska, in
eighteenth-century man’s costume, appears to the count in a species of
symbolic vision as the wish-fulfillment of his most secret dreams. She
tells him she is neither boy nor woman, but the ideal of all those
incapable of real passion; for love of another cannot go beyond love of
self in these “Wunschlosen.” This technical description of narcissism
(along with the drastic effect upon Franziska of early hatred of her
father) shows Wedekind’s familiarity with the then very new doctrines of
psychoanalysis.
The remaining acts show Franziska first sufficiently feminized by early
pregnancy to play the part of Delilah on the stage, and to become
infatuated and run off with the actor cast as Samson, who treats her
with rough and contemptuous masculine superiority. Veit Kunz is
prostrated. At fifty he sees his lifelong conviction controverted that
happy sexual and professional association on a footing of equality must
guarantee a permanent union. His brilliant intellectual acumen is
outplayed by female biology—Woman beats the devil!—and he is barely
saved from suicide. Finally Franziska, persuaded to abandon her career
for the sake of her son’s health, is shown living in rural poverty with
him. She refuses support from either Kunz or “Samson,” each of whom is
sure her child is his, and accepts the protection of an ascetic artist
who paints her as the madonna. Here Wedekind hits the narcissist complex
dead center. It is proof against both homosexual and heterosexual
experience and only partially resolved by maternity, since she can
tolerate only a man weaker than herself and one romantically deluded
about her.
Because of the Eulenberg scandal in 1907 literary reference to
homosexuality was checked for a time in Germany, and no doubt only
Wedekind’s established reputation and his disparaging treatment of the
theme made the theatrical production of _Franziska_ possible in 1911. By
1914 Dr. Kurt Heller was asking in the _Jahrbuch_: “Wo bleibt der
homoerotische Roman?”[21] He was referring to male homosexuality, and he
deprecated the moralistic tone of Thomas Mann’s _Death in Venice_,
considering it disappointing from the author of _Buddenbrooks_. His
answer to his own rhetorical question was that no sympathetic work could
clear the hurdle of state censorship, for even a wholly “spiritual”
treatment must be defined by some contrast with the sensual. Only true
literary freedom could provide incentive for creative writing of first
quality.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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