Footnote 91: See Whitney’s _Fac-simile Reprint_, plate 32. Footnote 92: In the work of Joachim Camerarius, just quoted, at p. 152, to the motto, “VIOLENTIOR EXIT,”—_The more violent escapes_, p. 99,—there is the device of Gnats and Wasps in a cobweb, with the stanza,— “_Innodat culicem, sed vespæ pervia tela est: Sic rumpit leges vis, quibus hæret inops._” “The gnat the web entangles, but to the wasp Throughout is pervious; so force breaks laws, To which the helpless is held bound in chains.” ----- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CHAPTER V. SIX DIRECT REFERENCES IN THE PERICLES TO BOOKS OF EMBLEMS, SOME OF THEIR DEVICES DESCRIBED, AND OF THEIR MOTTOES QUOTED. SHAKESPEARE’S name, in three quarto editions, published during his lifetime, appears as author of the play of _Pericles, Prince of Tyre_; and if a decision be made that the authorship belongs to him, and that in the main the work was his composition, then our previous conjectures are changed into certainties, and we can confidently declare who were the Emblem writers he refers to, and can exhibit the very passages from their books which he has copied and adopted. The early folio editions of the plays, those of 1623 and 1632, omit the _Pericles_ altogether, but later editions restore it to a place among the works of Shakespeare. Dr. Farmer contends that the hand of the great dramatist is visible only in the last act; but others controvert this opinion, and maintain, though he was not the fabricator of the plot, nor the author of every dialogue and chorus, that his genius is evident in several passages. In Knight’s _Pictorial Shakspere_, supplemental volume, p. 13, we are informed: “The first edition of _Pericles_ appeared in 1609,”—several years before the dramatist’s death,—“under the following title,—‘The late and much admired play, called _Pericles, Prince of Tyre, &c._ By William Shakespeare: London, Glosson, 1609.’” According to the Cambridge editors, vol. ix. p. i, Preface, “another edition was issued in the same year.” The publication was repeated in 1611, 1619, 1630 and 1635, so that at the very time when Shakespeare was living, his authorship was set forth; and after his death, while his friends and contemporaries were alive, the opinion still prevailed. The conclusion at which Knight arrives, sup. vol. pp. 118, 119, is thus stated by him: “We advocate the belief that _Pyrocles_, or _Pericles_ was a very early work of Shakspere in some form, however different from that which we possess.” And again, “We think that the _Pericles_ of the beginning of the seventeenth century was the revival of a play written by Shakspere some twenty years earlier.... Let us accept Dryden’s opinion, that “‘Shakespeare’s own Muse his Pericles first bore.’”