Besides Camerarius, there are at least five Emblematists from whom Shakespeare might have borrowed respecting the Phœnix. Horapollo, whose _Hieroglyphics_ were edited in 1551; Claude Paradin and Gabriel Symeoni, whose _Heroic Devises_ appeared in 1562; Arnold Freitag, in 1579; Nicholas Reusner, in 1581; Geffrey Whitney, in 1586, and Boissard, in 1588,—these all take the Phœnix for one of their emblems, and give a drawing of it in the act of self-sacrifice and self-renovation. They make it typical of many truths and doctrines,—of long duration for the soul, of devoted love to God, of special rarity of character, of Christ’s resurrection from the dead, and of the resurrection of all mankind. There is a singular application of the Phœnix emblem which existed before and during Shakespeare’s time, but of which I find no pictorial representation until 1633. It is in Henry Hawkins’ rare volume, “Η ΠΑΡΘΕΝΟΣ,”—_The Virgin_—“Symbolically set forth and enriched with piovs devises and emblemes for the entertainement of Devovt Sovles.” This peculiar emblem bestows upon the bird two hearts, which are united in closest sympathy and in entire oneness of affection and purpose; they are the hearts of the Virgin-Mother and her Son. Eadem inter ſe. Sunt eadem uni tertia. [Illustration: _Hawkins’ Parthenos, 1633._] “Behold, how Death aymes with his mortal dart, And wounds a Phœnix with a twin-like hart. These are the harts of Jesus and his Mother So linkt in one, that one without the other Is not entire. They (sure) each others smart Must needs sustaine, though two, yet as one hart. One Virgin-Mother, Phenix of her kind, And we her Sonne without a father find. The Sonne’s and Mothers paines in one are mixt, His side, a Launce, her soule a Sword transfixt. Two harts in one, one Phenix loue contriues:[164] One wound in two, and two in one reuiues.” Whitney’s and Shakespeare’s uses of the device resemble each other, as we shall see, more closely than the rest do,—and present a singular coincidence of thought, or else show that the later writer had consulted the earlier. “_The Bird always alone_,” is the motto which Paradin, Reusner, and Whitney adopt. Paradin (fol. 53), informs us,— Vnica ſemper auis [Illustration: _Paradin, 1562._] Comme le Phenix eſt à jamais ſeul, & vnique Oiſeau au monde de ſon eſpece. Auſſi ſont les tresbonnes choſes de merueilleuſe rarité, & bien cler ſemees. Deuiſe que porte Madame Alienor d’ Auſtriche, Roine Douairiere de France. Theophraſte. _i.e._ “As the Phœnix is always alone, and the only bird of its kind in the world, so are very good things of marvellous rarity and very thinly sown. It is the device which Madam Elinor of Austria bears, Queen Dowager of France.”