Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Stage history; Theater -- England
There is yet another peculiarity that is special to this play, and it is
one which seems to have escaped the notice of the critics. The
stage-directions in it are unlike those of any other play published in the
first folio. In no other play are they so full, and so carefully detailed.
With the exception of "Henry VIII.," the stage-directions in the folio are
so few in number and so abbreviated that they appear to have been written
solely for the author's convenience. It is very rare that any reference is
made to movement, more than to indicate the entrance or exit of
characters, or to note that they fight or that they die. Sometimes the
characters are not so much as named, and the direction is simply, "Enter
the French Power and the English Lords"; at other times the directions
are so concise as to be almost incomprehensible to the modern reader, for
example, "Enter Hermione (like a statue)," "Enter Imogene (in her bed)"!
The legitimate inference, therefore, is that Shakespeare considered it to
be no part of his business to be explicit in these matters. It is
startling, then, to find, in the play of "Henry VIII.," a stage-direction
so elaborate as the following: "The Queen makes no answer, rises out of
her chair, goes about the Court, comes to the King, and kneels at his
feet, then speaks." No doubt in Elizabeth's time all stage movement was of
the simplest kind, and of a conventional order, so as to be applicable to
a great variety of plays, and what was special to any particular play in
the way of movement would, in Shakespeare's dramas, be explained at
rehearsal by the author. So that the detailed and minute stage-directions
that in the first folio are special to "Henry VIII." would seem to suggest
that the play was written at a time when the author was absent from the
theatre. To the actor, however, who is experienced in the technicalities
of the stage, these elaborate directions show that the author was not only
very familiar with what in theatrical parlance is known as stage
"business," but that he regarded the minute description of the actors'
movements as forming an essential part of the dramatist's duty. In fact,
the story of the play is made subservient to the "business" or to pageant
throughout. A dramatic incident, then a procession, another dramatic
incident, and then another procession. This seems to be the sort of effect
aimed at. Towards the year 1610 the taste for spectacle created by the
genius of Inigo Jones spread from the Court to the public theatre. Perhaps
this may account for Shakespeare's early retirement. He wrote plays and
not masques, and his genius lay in portraying the drama of human life.
Unlike Ben Jonson, he never devoted his talents to the service of the
stage carpenter. Seeing the altered condition of the public taste, there
would be nothing unnatural in his yielding his place silently and without
bitterness to others who were willing to supply the theatrical market with
the desired commodity.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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