_Re_ alcoholism under army conditions, Lépine remarks that alcohol has played in this war a rôle analogous to that of malaria in the epidemiology of some countries. Many of the victims are, to start with, unbalanced subjects and _détraqués_ who are hereditary alcoholics. Alcoholism, according to Lépine, dominates the pathology of the interior and has a marked bearing upon conditions at the front. In fact, alcoholism would have been disastrous in France had not measures been taken against it; measures still insufficient (1917). More than one-third of 6000 cases studied by Lépine during three years have shown alcohol as a sole or, at all events, principal cause of the difficulty. It would be within reason to state, according to Lépine, that if we throw in cases in which alcoholism was a partial factor, more than half, or even more than two-thirds, of the mental cases had been strongly influenced by alcohol. Lépine thinks there may be effects like those of anaphylaxis. Certainly, the startling and sudden effects in so-called pathological intoxication, as in Case 86, suggest the critical and vehement effects seen in the sensitized anaphylactic subject. CHART 4 PHASES OF WAR PSYCHIATRY IN FRANCE I. Antebellum phase of PSYCHIATRIC NEGLECT: Groundless fear that recruiting would be disorganized by psychiatric sifting processes. II. Phase of ALCOHOLISM OF MOBILIZATION: Hospitals unprepared. III. Phase of the MARNE: Alcoholism restrained by law; psychoses few; psychiatrists optimistic. IV. Phase of TRENCH WARFARE: Overemotionality; and of HIGH EXPLOSIVES (January, 1915); now psychiatric services were systematically established along evacuation lines. V. Phase of SYSTEMATIC WAR PSYCHIATRY: Filterwise system of management (_a_) near trenches, (_b_) in main body of army, (_c_) on evacuation lines, (_d_) special hospitals. Chiefly from data of Chavigny, 1915. Pathological intoxication: criminal prosecution stopped. =Case 87.= (LOEWY, 1915.) An orderly, in private life a teacher, one day about _noon-time_, when going on duty, called the commanding officer to account because he (the orderly) had had to wait. He said he had been ordered to come at _two_ o’clock and it was already long thereafter! He was severely reprimanded but addressed a number of the officers present with questions having no relation to military service. In fact, he seemed to have forgotten entirely that he was on military service. This was the more remarkable as the teacher-orderly had many times distinguished himself upon dangerous patrol expeditions and in critical situations, winning the confidence of his superiors and the likelihood of promotion to corporal. He had been a discreet, earnest, and clever soldier.