Shell-shock and other neuropsychiatric problems : $b Presented in five hundred and eighty-nine case histories from the war literature, 1914-1918Southard, Elmer Ernest
History
Shell-shock and other neuropsychiatric problems : $b Presented in five hundred and eighty-nine case histories from the war literature, 1914-1918
Southard, Elmer Ernest
War neuroses; World War, 1914-1918 -- Medical care; World War, 1914-1918 -- Psychological aspects
These disorders consist in post-traumatic contractures, paralyses
or paretic states, but are not attended by any of the signs of the
so-called organic diseases, either of lesions of the central nervous
system, or of the peripheral nervous system, or of the great arterial
systems. In fact, these disorders somewhat resemble hysterical
manifestations. The underlying lesions appear to be sometimes
extremely small; in fact, so minimal as to be out of proportion with
the functional disorders that they produce. These disorders do not
correspond with any known anatomical regions, but they are singularly
tenacious, and, unlike truly hysterical (pithiatic) phenomena, they
are completely resistant to suggestion. Yet it is not merely in
resistance to suggestive therapy that these reflex disorders differ
from hysteria; for besides the contracture and the paralysis or
paresis found in the different segments of the extremity concerned,
the complete Babinski syndrome includes also muscular atrophy,
exaggeration of tendon reflexes, alterations of skin reflexes (even
amounting to areflexia), hypotonia, mechanical over-excitability of
the muscles with retardation of the muscular contraction; quantitative
changes in electrical excitability of muscles (excess or diminution
without R. D.), mechanical over-excitability, and occasionally
electrical over-excitability of the nerves, disturbances in objective
and subjective sensibilities (anesthesia and pains), heat regulation
disorders (especially hyperthermia), and disorder of the vasomotors
(cyanosis, skin redness, oscillometric lowering at the periphery of the
extremity in the presence of low temperature), secretory disorders, and
various trophic disorders of the bony system, the skin, and the nails.
Despite the permutations and combinations of these symptoms, according
to Babinski they amount to a new group of disorders and represent a
nosological species: a species of disease phenomena that lies midway
between the organic affections and hysterical disorders. Babinski
proposes the term _physiopathic_ for these phenomena, a term which
excludes the connotation of hysteria and all forms of psychopathia, on
the one hand, and seems, on the other, to express the fact of their
correspondence to a physical material perturbation in the nervous
system of a novel sort.
Bullet wound of ankle: Contracture effect of chloroform.
=Case 275.= (BABINSKI AND FROMENT, 1917.)
A man was wounded, September 1, 1914, by a bullet in the left ankle.
Contracture of the foot and of the four outer toes in extension
followed, with a flaccid paralysis of the great toe. The left knee-jerk
was a little stronger than the right; the left Achilles jerk also
appeared weaker but observation was difficult on account of contracture
of the foot.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account