Shipbuilding from its beginnings. Vol. 1 (of 3)Konijnenburg, E. van (Emile)
History
Shipbuilding from its beginnings. Vol. 1 (of 3)
Konijnenburg, E. van (Emile)
Shipbuilding -- History; Ships -- History
The fishing outfit can be divided into movable apparatus and fixed
apparatus, the latter being the less important for our study.
Belonging to the former, there are:
_a_) The _Wonderkuil_ (_anglicé_: miraculous pocket) which, like the
_Kwakkuil_ and the _Dwarskuil_, is composed of a net, in the shape
of a pocket which has its mouth kept open by a square frame (made of
four pieces of wood called “juffers-oorstokken”). The net is moved
ahead while holding the frame vertical, all the apparatus touching the
bottom. The fish enters at the mouth and is captured in a convergent
bag. The movement through the water distends the net. The “Wonderkuil”
is hung between two “Botters”, which go ahead at the greatest possible
speed so as to entrap the quick swimming fish, such as the herring. The
large “Botters”, being good sailers, are very well suited to this work.
The “Wonderkuil” scarcely touches the bottom on account of the great
speed, but every fish which comes in front of the opening is taken,
necessarily. The narrowing of the meshes, caused by the great speed,
prevents any from escaping.
_b_) The _Kwakkuil_, used at Vollendam, is a small “Wonderkuil” drawn
by one boat which is generally a “Vollendammer Kwak”. The pocket
is then attached to two beams fastened together crosswise at the
stern of the boat. As the speed is less than that attained with the
“Wonderkuil”, the net drags along the bottom which enables eels, plaice
and sole to be taken.
_c_) The _Dwarskuil_ (transverse pocket), smaller than the “Kwakkuil”
but of the same shape, is fastened to the side of the boat by lines
which lead to the bow and stern. In order to work it, the boat must
move crossways and, naturally, its change of position is slow. The boat
should not be flat bottomed, and while fishing is going on the lee
boards should be raised.
The “Wonderkuil” is used in deep water and on hard sandy bottoms;
in shoaler water and on soft bottoms the “Kwakkuil” is brought into
play, and in the shallow waters of Utrecht and Gelderland it is the
“Dwarskuilen” which is employed.
The many complaints about the destruction of fish by the “Wonderkuil”
were not born of yesterday; for already, in 1559, an ordinance fixed
the size of the meshes of the “Aetkens of Steerten” (of the tails of
the nets).
There should certainly be mentioned as part of the movable outfit, the
drag nets used for catching herring, anchovy, sole and smelt. They are
used in all the large fishing ports of the Zuiderzee. These nets are
dragged between any two boats whatever.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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