VI. FISHING VESSELS. ~A~) For deep sea fishing; ~B~) For the coasting and river fisheries. I. WAR VESSELS. In the matter of the evolution of the war ship, properly so-called, the reader needs merely to be referred to the preceding chapters. Before about 1675, there were, as a first war ship proper: the _Pinasschip_ (Pinace) and later the _Spiegelschip_ (a square stern ship). The square sterned _Spiegel_ disappeared and then round sterns were again taken up, whence resulted the war ship called _Schip van oorlog_. At the beginning, this class of vessels was made up exclusively of ships with two decks. At the end of the XVIIth century, however, a few types with three decks were built in the Netherlands. Use was often made of the “Fluitschip” (flute or transport), of ships of the East India Company (“Oost-Indische Compagnie schip”), of “yachts” (“Jachten”) and of various sorts of vessels of less importance, as auxiliary war ships, and of tenders (“Boeier”), galliots (“Galjoot”), galeas (“Galeas”), “Bommen”, kuffs (“Koffs”) and smacks (“Smaks”) as coast defence vessels. All these vessels belong rather to the category of merchant ships and will be described in the next chapter. Among the types imitated from abroad there may be mentioned the _Fregat_ (frigate), and later the _Brik_ (brig), the _Schooner_ and the _Bark_. II. MERCHANT VESSELS. ~A~) _For over seas navigation._ The oldest merchant ship was the cog “Koggeschip”, from which are descended the “Hulken” and “Krayers”. The planking of these ships is clinker laid. Then vessels were built with more nearly rounded bottoms and the carvel-built side appeared in the second half of the XVth century. The resulting type was the _Barge_ or “Baertze”. Meanwhile, the construction of castles was begun on these ships, just as on the old cogs. These castles became gradually more important, imitating what had been done on the Spanish, Portuguese and Genoese ships. A type of vessel which, in accordance with the Spanish model, carried large castles was the _Carack_ or _Galleon_ (“Kraak”)· This vessel disappeared from our country in the course of the XVIth century, at the end of which appeared the flyboats (“Vlie or Vlietbooten”) called later Flutes (“fluiten”). These vessels departed from the preceding types by having a marked tumble in of the topsides. Hence the hull was full and the deck was narrow. The flutes were the merchantmen “_par excellence_” up to the beginning of the XIXth century. The “Spiegelschip” also appeared toward the end of the XVIth century; it acted as a merchantman in the same way as the similar vessel of the Mediterranean. This vessel was called, at the beginning of the XVIIth century, Pinnace (“Pinasschip”). The Pinnace became more rounded in the second half of the XVIIth century; it carried also a more nearly vertical stern and a smaller beakhead. From it came the East India Company’s ship (“Oost-Indisch Compagnie Schip”).