Equator, the, 178 Eric, son of Hakon, 109 Ericson, Thorstein, 87 Erith Dockyard, 181 Erling Askew, 94, 101 Erling Skialgson, 94 Eruli, 91 Espagnols sur Mer, Les, battle of, 144 Eudoxus, 27 Euphrates, shipbuilding on the, 17 Euripides, terms in, 36 Eustace the Monk, 143 Exmouth, Admiral Lord, and pirates of Algiers, 224 Exploration, claims in, 121 Faroe Isles, 116 Fenner, Capt., 217 Fighting instructions, 270 Fighting tops, 110 Figureheads, 102, 280 Fire, braziers of, used by Rhodians, 53 Fireships, 53 Flag, national, use of, by ancient Greeks, 48 Flag saluting, 208 Flamborough, 243 Flamstead, John, 212 Flemming (pirate), 222 Fleur-de-lys on the compass, 120 Flintshire, 243 Flogging, 265, 286 Fog signalling, 228 Forelands, beacons on the, 243 Forest of Dean, 275 “Fothering,” 262 Francesco da Barberino, 151 Fraser, Edward, “Greenwich Royal Hospital,” 272 French as shipbuilders, 231 French Government and longitude, 254 Froissart quoted, 145 Galiotæ (galley-men), 141, 146 Gama, Vasco da, 22, 131, 132, 134, 136 Gambia, River, discovered, 134 Gaul, Cæsar and, 77 Genoa and the Genoese, 118, 121, 156, 180 Geography, Phœnician influence on Greek geography, 26; Pytheas and geographical knowledge, 27; Greek and Roman, 114; Ptolemy and, 116 George II establishes Naval Academy, 250; and naval uniform, 272 Germany, 238 Gibson, Richard, 240 Gillianez, 134 Gillingham Reach, 184 “Glorious First of June,” A.D. 1794, 270, 271, 279 Gloucester, 67 Gnomon, the, 27 Gogstad Viking ship replica, 90 Gonzales, A., 134 Goodwin Sands, 77 Grapnels for boarding, 63, 101, 103 Greece, Phœnician losses at invasion of, 20 Greek fire, 142 Greek ships, galley, 5; how built, 29, 35; warships and ramming, 30, 32; colouring and sails, 30; warships, oar-propelled, 31, 37; ballast, 32; their shape, 34; timber employed, 35; other details, 35–7; sailing seasons, 37; manning of warships, 37; biremes and triremes, 38–40; anchors, 44; quickly built, 46; materials for, 46; shipbuilding yards, 46; naval tactics, 47; seamen, 47; _diekplous_ and _periplous_, 48; admiral’s ships, 48; signalling, 49; seamanship, 50; officers, 50; a penteconter, 50–1; summary, 51 Greek words used in connection with ships, 34–7, 39–41 Greeks, Phœnician influence on the, 26 Greenland, Venetian voyage to, 122 Greenwich Observatory founded, 230 Gregory, ship of, 101 Guilds, seamen’s, 133, 171 Gulf Stream, the, 88 Gunnery at time of Armada, 219; at time of French wars, 280. _See also_ Artillery Gunnstein, 109 Gunpowder, 262 Gunter’s scale, 248 Haddock, Capt., 242 Hadley’s quadrant, 254 Hadrian’s wall, 67 Hair, human, for ropes, 54 Hakluyt, Richard, quoted, 116, 171, 212