[H] 1. _Die poetischen Buecher des Alten Bundes._ Erklaert von Heinrich Ewald. Goettingen: bei Vanderhoeck und Ruprecht. 1836. 2. _Kurz gefasstes exegetisches Handbuch zum Alten Testament._ Zweite Lieferung. _Hiob._ Von Ludwig Hirzel. Zweite Auflage, durchgesehen von Dr. Justus Olshausen. Leipzig. 1852. 3. _Quaestionum in Jobeidos locos vexatos Specimen._ Von D. Hermannus Hupfeld. Halis Saxonum. 1853. [I] Or rather by St. Jerome, whom our translators have followed. [J] See Ewald on Job ix. 13, and xxvi. 14. [K] An allusion, perhaps, to the old bird auguries. The birds, as the inhabitants of the air, were supposed to be the messengers between heaven and earth. [L] The speech of Elihu, which lies between Job's last words and God's appearance, is now decisively pronounced by Hebrew scholars not to be genuine. The most superficial reader will have been perplexed by the introduction of a speaker to whom no allusion is made, either in the prologue or the epilogue; by a long dissertation, which adds nothing to the progress of the argument, proceeding evidently on the false hypothesis of the three friends, and betraying not the faintest conception of the real cause of Job's sufferings. And the suspicions which such an anomaly would naturally suggest, are now made certainties by a fuller knowledge of the language, and the detection of a different hand. The interpolator has unconsciously confessed the feeling which allowed him to take so great a liberty. He, too, possessed with the old Jew theory, was unable to accept in its fulness so great a contradiction to it: and, missing the spirit of the poem, he believed that God's honour could still be vindicated in the old way. 'His wrath was kindled' against the friends, because they could not answer Job; and against Job, because he would not be answered; and conceiving himself 'full of matter,' and 'ready to burst like new bottles,' he could not contain himself, and delivered into the text a sermon on the _Theodice_, such, we suppose, as formed the current doctrine of the time in which he lived. [M] See the Thirteenth Article. SPINOZA.[N] _Benedicti de Spinoza Tractatus de Deo et Homine ejusque Felicitate Lineamenta. Atque Annotationes ad Tractatum Theologico-Politicum._ Edidit et illustravit EDWARDUS BOEHMER. Halae ad Salam. J. F. Lippert. 1852.