Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and SocietyMurphy, Robert F. (Robert Francis)
History
Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and Society
Murphy, Robert F. (Robert Francis)
Bannock Indians; Shoshoni Indians
Ballard reported that on August 26, 1867, a treaty was signed by
Tygee, Peter, To-so-copy-natey, Pah Vissigin, McKay, and Jim, in which
the Bannock agreed to settle on Fort Hall (Ballard, 1869, p. 658); the
Bannock and also the Bruneau and Boise Shoshone were removed from the
Boise Valley on December 2, 1868, and brought to Fort Hall (C. F.
Powell, 1870, p. 728). They were joined there by 500 Bannock under
Tygee, who had just returned from a joint buffalo hunt with the
Eastern Shoshone in Wind River Valley (p. 729). Indian Agent Danilson
of Fort Hall wrote that in 1869 there were 600 Bannock, 200 Boise
Shoshone, 100 Bruneau Shoshone, and 200 Western Shoshone on the
reservation (Danilson, 1870, p. 729). The beginning of the reservation
period marks the effective end of the independent occupancy of the
Idaho area by the Shoshone and Bannock. The rest of this section deals
with ethnographic data. In regard to extent of Shoshone settlement,
Omer Stewart has reported that eastern Oregon, about the mouths of the
Malheur and Owyhee rivers, and southwest Idaho as far east as a line
well past Boise, were the territory of a Northern Paiute band called
the Koa'agaitoka (Stewart, 1939, p. 133). Blythe places a Northern
Paiute band called "Yapa Eaters" in the Boise River Valley (Blythe,
1938, p. 396) and mentions data given by one informant to the effect
that a mixed band of Paiute and Shoshone called "People Eaters" lived
to the north of the Yapa Eaters (p. 404). Neither historical research
nor ethnographic investigation among the Shoshone confirms the
existence of such bands in the area described. On the contrary,
Steward writes (1938, p. 172):
Shoshone seem to have extended westward about to the Snake
River which forms the boundary between Idaho and Oregon. They
also occupied the Boise River Valley and probably to some
extent the valleys of the Payette and Weiser Rivers. They
probably never penetrated Oregon beyond the Blue Mountains.
But the area nearer the Snake River was not occupied exclusively by
Shoshone, for Steward continues (ibid.):
This population was neither well defined politically nor
territorially. It was scattered in small independent villages
of varying prosperity and tribal composition. Along the lower
Snake, Boise, and Payette Rivers Shoshone were intermixed with
Northern Paiute who extended westward through the greater
portion of southern and eastern Oregon. Slightly to the north
they were probably mixed somewhat with their Nez Perce
neighbors.
Our own field work, as presented below, tends to confirm Steward's
data on most points and is in accord with historical information.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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