Signalling across space without wires: being a description of the work of Hertz & his successorsLodge, Oliver, Sir
Science
Signalling across space without wires: being a description of the work of Hertz & his successors
Lodge, Oliver, Sir
Electric waves; Telegraph, Wireless
Unable to furnish any reason why the electric radiation of a distant
spark should reduce the resistance of pulverised carbon I refrained
from publishing the bare observation in the hopes of finding an
explanation by further experimentation, merely noting to friends the
delicacy of the pulverised carbon rheostat as a detector of Hertzian
waves and making some further experiments with it and a telephone
receiver in circuit in this direction.
The recent publication of the brilliant researches of Dr. Oliver J.
Lodge now makes the entire matter clear. Dr. Lodge describes a new
form of microphonic detector of Hertzian waves, consisting of two or
more pieces of fairly clean metal in light contact and connected to
a voltaic cell, a film of oxide of the metal intervening between the
surfaces, “so that only an insignificant current is allowed to pass.”
He writes: “Now let the slightest surging occur, say, by reason of a
sphere being charged and discharged at a distance of 40 yards; the film
at once breaks down--perhaps not completely, that is a question of
intensity--but permanently.”
This detector, Dr. Lodge terms a “coherer” because of the partial
metallic cohesion above described. Upon this point he says: “A
bad contact was at one time regarded as a simple nuisance.” ...
“Hughes observed its sensitiveness to sound waves, and it became the
microphone. Now it turns out to be sensitive to electric waves, if
it be made of any oxidisable metal (not of carbon) and we have an
instrument which might be called a micro-something but which, as it
appears to act by cohesion, I call at present a coherer.” The cohesive
result between the metallic surfaces is also referred to as a “welding
effect of an electric jerk.” In the volume just published, entitled
“The Work of Hertz and Some of His Successors,” reprinted from _The
Electrician_, London, this foot note is added on p. 30: “FitzGerald
tells me that he has succeeded with carbon also.”
My experiments would seem to fully demonstrate that carbon as well as
metals may act as coherers. At some recent trials the editors of the
_Electrical Engineer_ were present and were fully satisfied as to the
swinging up of the needle of the milliamperemeter and the click in the
telephone receiver, by repeated tests.
The experimental side of the subject has been so exhaustively and
admirably presented by Dr. Lodge (detailed in the publications referred
to) that what is here said has no more than a secondary interest.
But it may not prove amiss to gather together all the evidence which
tends to demonstrate the influence of disruptive discharges upon
neighbouring bad contacts conveying currents. As Lodge points out,
fuses may easily be “blown out” in this manner. This has occurred to me
on a number of occasions with 10 ampere fuses. Under proper conditions
of sparking surfaces and circuit a short spark might suffice.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account