Signalling across space without wires: being a description of the work of Hertz & his successorsLodge, Oliver, Sir
Science
Signalling across space without wires: being a description of the work of Hertz & his successors
Lodge, Oliver, Sir
Electric waves; Telegraph, Wireless
Experiments also on differently-coloured lights. Summary of results.
The photo-electrically active metals arrange themselves in the
following order--Pure K, alloys of K and Na, pure Na. Amalgams of Rb,
K, Na, Li, Mg (Tl, Zn); the same as their voltaic order. With the most
sensitive term of the series a candle six metres off can be detected,
and the region of spectral red is not inactive. The later terms of the
series demand smaller waves, and even for potassium blue light gives a
much greater effect than red. No discharge of positive electricity is
observable with these substances.
_Wied. Ann. 44, p. 722.--On the Dissipation of Electric Charge from
Mineral Surfaces by Sunlight._
Hitherto only Balmain’s paint powder has been observed to be active
among non-metallic substances. Now they try other phosphorescent
bodies, and arrive at the following results:--
Fluorspar is conspicuously photo-electric, both in sunlight and
daylight, especially the variety of fluorite called stinkfluss.
Freshly-broken surfaces discharge much more rapidly than old surfaces.
Blue waves, and not alone the ultra-violet, have a perceptible effect
on fluorspar.
In a vacuum the mineral loses its photo-electric sensibility and its
conductivity too. Contact with damp air restores its sensibility.
Moistening with water weakens but does not destroy the sensitiveness.
On the other hand, igniting the mineral destroys both its
photo-electric power and its exceptional phosphorescent property.
Distinct traces of photo-electric power are shown by the following
minerals also: Cryolite, heavy spar, celestine, arragonite,
strontianite, calcspar, felspar and granite.
The hypothesis that the power of phosphorescing when illuminated is
approximately a measure of the discharging power of light has been
verified in many cases; the exceptions can probably be explained by
the influence which the electrical conductivity of the illuminated
substance exerts on the rate of discharge of electricity from its
surface. This agreement confirms the view expressed by us on the
occasion of experiments with Balmain’s paint, that, during electrical
discharge by light, actions take place which are analogous to those of
resonance. Messrs. Wiedemann and Ebert had previously been led by other
considerations to the same conclusion.
We are compelled by the results of the present experiments to conclude
that a more rapid discharge of electricity into the atmosphere takes
place in sunlight than in darkness from the surfaces of the earth,
which is composed of mineral particles charged, as the positive sign of
the slope of atmospheric potential indicates, with negative electricity.
[Illustration: FIG. 63.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Signalling across space without wires: being a description of the work of Hertz & his successors — John Shaqi
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