Signalling across space without wires: being a description of the work of Hertz & his successorsLodge, Oliver, Sir
Science
Signalling across space without wires: being a description of the work of Hertz & his successors
Lodge, Oliver, Sir
Electric waves; Telegraph, Wireless
(_g_) Radiation charges positively an insulated metal, even when it is
an enclosure with walls of the same metal; the metal being certainly
uncharged at the beginning of the experiment. The same occurs with
sulphur and ebonite. If there is a feeble initial _plus_ charge,
radiation increases it.
(_h_) While the discharging power of radiation for negative electricity
is strongest with zinc and aluminium, and slower with copper and gold,
following the Volta series; the E.M.F. set up by radiation, when it
charges things positively, is greatest with gold and carbon, and
less with zinc and aluminium; again following the Volta series, but
inversely.
(_i_) If radiation falls on an insulated metal plate connected with
an electrometer, in an enclosure of the same metal, the positive
electrification shown by the deflection of the electrometer is greater
as the plate is further from the walls of the enclosure. The action
stops when the metal has attained a certain electric density, constant
for a given metal; so the potential of a plate is naturally higher as
its capacity is less. It is thus established that radiation acts on
the particles of gas in contact with a conductor; they go away with a
negative charge, leaving _plus_ on the conductor, until an electric
density sufficient to balance this action is attained.
(_j_) It is probable that if the solar rays do not produce an effect it
is because of the absorbing action of the atmosphere. In fact, if one
places a tube whose ends are glazed with selenite between the source of
light and the metals being experimented on, the effects become sensibly
stronger when the tube is exhausted.
APPENDIX VI.
ELLIPTICALLY POLARISED ELECTRIC RADIATION.
Since the delivery of my lecture to the Royal Institution, on June
1st, Herr Zehnder has published[41] a mode of getting elliptically and
circularly polarised electric radiation. He takes a couple of plane
polarising grids, such as are depicted in Fig. 21, page 37, and places
them parallel to each other at a little distance apart with their wires
crossed.
If the two grids are close together they will act like wire-gauze,
reflecting any kind of polarised radiation equally; but if the warp
and woof are an eighth-wave length apart, and the plane of the
incident radiation is at 45° to the wires, the reflected radiation
will be circularly polarised. A change in the circumstances will, of
course, make it elliptical. Such a pair of grids acts, in fact, like a
Babinet’s Compensator.
[41] _Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Freiburg i. B._,
Bd. IX. Heft 2, June 21, 1894.
APPENDIX VII.
ON MAGNETISATION PRODUCED BY HERTZIAN CURRENTS; A MAGNETIC
DIELECTRIC:[42]
BY M. BIRKELAND.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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