Another interesting race to which Sir William devoted special attention was the Fijians, who, as already incidentally mentioned, offer the most extreme contrast to the round-headed Andamanese, by the extreme length and narrowness of their skulls. His paper on the “Cranial Characters of the Natives of the Fiji Islands,” appeared in the _Journal_ of the Anthropological Institute for 1880; and was illustrated, like the one on the Andamanese, with carefully drawn figures of typical skulls. After mentioning that nothing definite was known with regard to the anthropology of one of the islands of the Fiji, or Viti, group, the author added that “with regard to Viti Levu, all the evidence we possess shows that the people who inhabit the interior of the island present in their cranial conformation a remarkable purity of type, and that this type conforms in the main with that of the Melanesian islands generally; indeed they may be regarded as the most characteristic, almost exaggerated, expressions of this type, for in ‘hypersistenocephaly’ (extreme narrowness of skull), they exceed the natives of Fati, in the New Hebrides, to which the term was first applied. “The intermixture of Tongans or other Polynesian blood with the Fijian, appears to be confined to the smaller islands, and even in these not to have very greatly modified the prevailing cranial characteristics.” At the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at York in the autumn of 1881, Professor Flower, as Chairman of the Department, read an address to the Anthropological Department on the study and progress of anthropology, more especially in this country; at the conclusion of which he urged the strong claim of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland to the support of all interested in that subject. Three years later (1884) he gave, as President, an address “On the Aims and Prospects of the Study of Anthropology,” before the last-named body, at the Anniversary Meeting in January. Here again the speaker directed attention to the comparatively small degree of interest taken in this country in this most important science, and urged that not only scientific students, but wealthy men, ought to do something towards aiding its progress. “Our insular position, maritime supremacy, numerous dependencies, and ramifying commerce, have given us,” he remarked, “unusually favourable opportunities for the formation of such collections—opportunities which, unfortunately, in past times have not been used so fully as might be desired.” A change, indeed, it was added, had of late years come over matters in this respect; but, while fully admitting this, it can scarcely be maintained that even at the present day we are doing all that we might in this direction.