As regards the special departments of this science to which Sir William devoted a large share of attention, we may mention, in the first place, the discovery of the best methods of accurately determining the capacity of the human cranium, and the drawing-up of formulæ for “indexes” to serve as a basis for comparing the cranial measurements of different races. Secondly, we may take the classification of these races as one of his most important lines of investigation. While, in the third place, may be noticed his partiality for the study of the inferior races of mankind, more especially those belonging to the black, or Negro, branch of the species; dwarf races, like the Central African Akkas, and the Andaman Islanders, or exterminated types, like the Tasmanians, having apparently a very strong claim on his interest. And here it may be mentioned that not only is anthropology largely indebted to Flower for his published works on this subject, but likewise for the energy he displayed in collecting specimens of the osteology of dwindling races, while there was yet time. It was at his initiation that Sir Joseph Fayrer was induced to use his influence with the Indian authorities for the purpose of securing skulls and skeletons of Andamanese for the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. The result of this was the acquisition of a fine series of specimens of the osteology of this fast-disappearing race, at a time when it was still comparatively uncontaminated and undeteriorated by contact with Europeans. That such contact must inevitably lead, sooner or later, to the disappearance of the inferior, or “non-adaptive” races of mankind, was a favourite dictum of Sir William’s; and its truth has been confirmed by the events of the last few years. If not actually the earliest, the first really important contribution to anthropology on Flower’s part was a Friday Evening lecture “On the Native Races of the Pacific Ocean,” delivered at the Royal Institution on 31st May 1878, and published in the _Proceedings_ of that body for the same year. In this lecture Sir William described the native races of Oceania, or those inhabiting the islands, inclusive of Australia, scattered through the great ocean tract bounded on the east and west respectively by the continents of America and Asia. The subject was treated very largely upon the basis of the collection of skulls and skeletons in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons; yet the lecturer was careful to point out that even this extensive series was wholly insufficient for the purpose of forming a classification of mankind founded on physical structure.