The third, and perhaps the most interesting lecture given by Flower during the year under consideration, was the one at Manchester on November 30th, on the “Aborigines of Tasmania,” which is published in the tenth series of _Manchester Science Lectures_. In this discourse Flower traced the sad story of European intercourse with this interesting people and their final extermination; pointing out that the last male died in 1869, and the last female in 1876. At the time this lecture was delivered four complete skeletons of Tasmanians of both sexes had been obtained and sent to England by the late Mr. Merton Allport, of Hobart. Of these, two were then in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, while the third was in the collection of the late Dr. Barnard Davis, and the fourth in that of the Anthropological Institute of London. Dr. Davis’s specimen came to the Museum of the College of Surgeons after the owner’s death; and it was a great source of satisfaction to Sir William that, in after years, he obtained the Anthropological Institute’s specimen (which is remarkable for retaining the inter-frontal suture of the skull) for the Natural History Museum. Somewhat less than thirty Tasmanian skulls were at this time known to exist in England, and a few have been since acquired for public collections. Flower dwelt upon the close affinity of the Tasmanians to the Melanesians (although the skulls of the two are perfectly distinguishable), and their wide difference from their Australian neighbours. Perhaps, however, the most important contribution made by Flower to anthropology in 1878 was his paper on the “Methods and Results of Measurements of the Capacity of Human Crania,” which appeared in the _Report_ of the British Association for that year and also in _Nature_. This was paving the way for the first part of the valuable “Catalogue of Osteological Specimens in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,” which appeared in the following year, and is entirely devoted to man. This accurate and laborious work was very far from being a mere catalogue of the contents of this section of the museum under the author’s charge, for it is in fact to a great extent a manual of the methods employed in human craniology; tables and figures being given of the manner in which the measurement of skulls are made, and the method of calculating “cranial indexes.” For taking the cubical capacity of skulls Flower employed mustard-seed, and the “craniometer” invented by Mr. Busk. In the introduction is given a general sketch of the osteology of man, followed by a dissertation on his dentition, and this, in turn, by an account of the special osteological and dental features of the various native races of the human species.