Six Centuries of English Poetry: Tennyson to ChaucerBaldwin, James
General
Six Centuries of English Poetry: Tennyson to Chaucer
Baldwin, James
English poetry
JOHN MILTON was born in Bread Street, Cheapside, London, in the year
1608, eight years before the death of Shakespeare. From his boyhood he
showed the possession of more than ordinary powers of mind. He was
educated first under private tutors, and at St. Paul's School, and
finally at Christ's College, Cambridge, where in 1632 he received the
degree of "Master of Arts." His first considerable work was the "Hymn on
the Morning of the Nativity," written in 1629. Within the next seven
years he wrote the most noteworthy of his shorter poems: the masque,
"Comus"; the pastoral piece entitled "Arcades"; the beautiful
descriptive poems, "L'Allegro" and "II Penseroso"; and the elegy,
"Lycidas." In 1639 he made a tour upon the Continent, visited the famous
seats of learning in France and Italy, and made the acquaintance of many
of the great poets and scholars of his time. Upon hearing, however, that
civil war was about to break out in England, he hastened home, resolved
to devote himself to what he regarded as his country's best interests.
Poetry was abandoned for politics, and for the next twenty years he
wrote little except prose--political tracts and controversial essays.
When Cromwell became Lord Protector of England, Milton was appointed
Latin Secretary of State, a position which he continued to hold until
towards the downfall of the Commonwealth. But after the Restoration he
quietly withdrew into retirement, resolved to devote the remainder of
his life to the writing of the great poem which he had been
contemplating for many years. Through unceasing study he had lost his
sight; the friends of his youth had deserted him; the fortune which he
had received from his father was gone. And so it was in darkness, and
disappointment, and poverty, that in 1667 he gave to the world the great
English epic, "Paradise Lost." It was in that same year that Dryden
published his "Annus Mirabilis." Milton shortly afterward wrote
"Paradise Regained"; and, in 1671, he produced "Samson Agonistes," a
tragedy modelled after the masterpieces of the Greek drama. On the 8th
of November, 1674, at the age of sixty-six years, his strangely eventful
life came to a close.
WORDSWORTH'S SONNET TO MILTON.
Milton! thou shouldst be living at this hour:
England hath need of thee; she is a fen
Of stagnant waters; altar, sword, and pen,
Fireside, the heroic wealth of hall and bower,
Have forfeited their ancient English dower
Of inward happiness. We are selfish men;
Oh! raise us up, return to us again;
And give us manners, virtue, freedom, power.
Thy soul was like a star, and dwelt apart;
Thou hadst a voice whose sound was like the sea;
Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free,
So didst thou travel on life's common way,
In cheerful godliness; and yet thy heart
The lowliest duties on herself did lay.
=Other Poems to be Read:= L'Allegro; Il Penseroso; Comus; Lycidas;
selections from Paradise Lost.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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