Louis Philippe was the first French Monarch who ever set foot in the British Islands on a visit of peace. The Prince Consort met him at Portsmouth and accompanied him to Windsor, where the Queen awaited him. At the banquet "he talked to me," writes the Queen, "of the time when he was in a school in the Grisons, a teacher merely, receiving twenty pence a day, having to brush his own boots, and under the name of Chabot." On the following day he was installed Knight of the Garter. He left England on the 13th.] CHAPTER IV. 1833-1849. The Churches of England and Scotland--"Tracts for the Times"--Newman, Keble, and Pusey--"Ten Years' Conflict" in Scotland--Disruption of the Church--Dr. Chalmers--Rise of the Free Church--Affairs of British India--First Sikh War--Battles of Meeanee, Moodkee, Ferozeshah, Aliwal and Sobraon--Second Sikh War--Murder of Vans Agnew and Anderson--Battle of Ramnuggur--Siege and Fall of Mooltan--Battles of Chilianwalla and Goojerat--Annexation of the Punjab. [Sidenote: The Churches of England and Scotland.] The upheavals which took place simultaneously in the Established Churches of England and Scotland, during the early years of Victoria's reign, and so profoundly stirred religious sentiment in both countries, can scarcely have arisen from independent centres of disturbance, though the connection between them is not easy to trace. They were the outcome of an awaking from the condition of inactivity and routine into which both these Protestant Churches had passed after the agitating events of the seventeenth century, and an attempt on the part of the more active intellects, both in clergy and people, to restore ecclesiastical authority and discipline. [Illustration: _G. Richmond, R.A._} {_By permission of Mr. McLean._ JOHN HENRY NEWMAN, 1801-1890. Cardinal-Deacon of the Church of Rome. Was the son of a London Banker. Took orders in the Anglican Church in 1824; was appointed Incumbent of St. Mary's, Oxford, in 1828, and held that appointment until 1842. He seceded to the Church of Rome in 1845, and was created a Cardinal in 1879 by Leo XIII.] [Illustration: _Miss Rosa Corder._} {_In the Pusey House, Oxford._ Dr. E. B. PUSEY, 1800-1882. Regius Professor of Hebrew at Christ Church College, Oxford, 1828. He wrote several of the "Tracts for the Times." On the secession of Newman he became the virtual leader of the Tractarian movement.] [Sidenote: "Tracts for the Times." Newman, Keble, and Pusey.]