The movement in England has been reckoned by the late Cardinal Newman, himself one of the leading spirits in it before his secession to Rome, as beginning with a sermon preached by John Keble in the University pulpit, Oxford, on July 14, 1833, afterwards published under the title "National Apostasy." About the same time began the publication of "Tracts for the Times," conducted by a group of earnest, active men, including Newman, Keble, Pusey, and others, advocating a revival of High Church observances as a means of quickening spiritual life and a restoration of the patristic doctrines and practice in Church government and services. From these tracts the movement became known as "Tractarian," till in 1841 their publication came to a sudden end by reason of the famous Tract No. 90, written by Newman, and deeply offensive to Protestant feeling in England. Newman joined the Church of Rome in 1845, and thereafter the term "Puseyite" was popularly used to designate this party. [Illustration: _G. Richmond, R.A._} THE REV. JOHN KEBLE, 1792-1866. One of the leaders of the Tractarian movement. He is best known by his hymns published under the titles of "The Christian Year" (1827) and "Lyra Innocentium" (1847). He was Professor of Poetry at Oxford, 1831, and Vicar of Hursley, near Winchester, 1835-1866. Keble College, Oxford, was erected to his memory.] [Illustration: _J. Faed._} DR. THOS. CHALMERS, 1780-1847. As minister of the Tron Church, Glasgow (1815), he obtained a great reputation. He was appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at St. Andrew's, 1823, of Theology at Edinburgh in 1828, and led the great secession in 1843. He was the first Moderator of, and was elected Principal and Primarius Professor of Theology in, the Free Church of Scotland.] [Sidenote: The "Ten Years' Conflict" in Scotland.] [Sidenote: Disruption of the Church.] [Sidenote: Dr. Chalmers.] [Sidenote: Rise of the Free Church.]