The present Lighthouse was erected in 1881, when Smeaton's celebrated tower was removed to the Hoe at Plymouth, except the lowermost courses, which are shown in the picture and still remain on the rock. The lantern sends out a series of flashes of 79,000 candle-power.] [Illustration: THE SMALLS LIGHTHOUSE IN 1837. With the exception of Smeaton's tower at the Eddystone and that on the Bell Rock, this was the only rock Lighthouse on the coast of Great Britain in 1837. It was built on oak piles, and in stormy weather rocked like a ship. Its lantern was furnished with twenty-seven argand lamps with reflectors, giving a light of about 3,000 candle-power. It was superseded by the present granite tower in 1861.] [Sidenote: Revival of the Chartist Movement.] The spirit of revolution was astir in many lands besides Ireland in the year when Louis Philippe was forced from the throne of France. In England the Chartist movement was sympathetically inflamed into renewed activity. A Chartist convention assembled in London in spring and made arrangements for a monster demonstration to be held on Kennington Common on April 10. But the Convention had hardly begun deliberating before disunion appeared in its councils. There were two parties among the Chartists--the constitutional Radicals and the physical force party. The latter were for assembling on Kennington Common under arms; but the venerable leader of the whole movement, Feargus O'Connor, would have nothing to do with unconstitutional or violent proceedings. The consequence of this was a rupture in the camp. Every preparation was made by the authorities to protect London from the ravages of a mob: the troops were under arms: the police mustered in great force: thousands of special constables were sworn in, and the Chartist procession was prohibited. But about 20,000 Chartists did assemble on the Common to listen to harangues by O'Connor and others. O'Connor then went to the Home Office, interviewed Sir George Grey, and told him the meeting had taken place without disorder. "Are you going back to it?" asked Grey. "No," replied O'Connor, "I've had my toes trodden on till I'm lame: my pocket has been picked, and I'll have no more to do with them." [Illustration: DIOPTRIC LANTERN. The series of circular glass prisms collects the rays from the lamp--usually an oil lamp with several concentric wicks--and concentrates them into a horizontal beam of great power. The Lantern illustrated is that of the Lighthouse at Spurn Point, and is the most powerful oil Lantern yet made; it has a maximum intensity of 179,000 candles. But this power is greatly exceeded by the electric lights at St. Catherine's, the Lizard, and elsewhere.] [Sidenote: The Monster Petition.] [Sidenote: Its Exposure, and Collapse of the Movement.]