"March 1, 1861. "By direction of the President, etc., it is ordered that Brig.-Gen. David E. Twiggs, Major-General by brevet, be, and is hereby dismissed from the army of the United States for his treachery to the flag of his country, in having surrendered on the 18th of February, 1861, on demand of the authorities of Texas, the military posts and other property of the United States in his department and under his charge. "J. Holt, Secretary of War. "S. Cooper, Adjutant-General." (11) Lieutenant Frank C. Armstrong (First Cavalry), pending his resignation, fought at Bull Run (July, 1861) for the Union, then went into the Confederacy and became a Brigadier-General. (12) "Treasury Department, Jan. 29, 1861. "W. Hemphill Jones, New Orleans: "Tell Lieutenant Caldwell to arrest Captain Breshwood, assume command of the cutter and obey the order through you. If Captain Breshwood, after arrest, undertakes to interfere with the command of the cutter, tell Lieutenant Caldwell to consider him a mutineer, and treat him accordingly. "_If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, Shoot him on the Spot._ "John A. Dix, Secretary of the Treasury." (13) Sherman's _Memoirs_, vol. i, p. 163. (14) _Manassas to Appomattox_ (Longstreet), pp. 29-30. (15) John Wilkes, British Par., 1780 (_Pat. Reader_, p. 135). (16) In 1861 an army officer was not required (as now) to take an oath of office on receiving promotion. The following is a copy of the last oath taken by Robert E. Lee as a United States Army officer, and it shows the form of oath then taken by other army officers. "I, Robert E. Lee, appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Regiment of Cavalry in the Army of the United States, do solemnly swear that I will bear true allegiance to the United States of America, and that I will serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies or opposers whatsoever; and observe and obey the orders of the President of the United States, and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to the Rules and Articles for the government of the Armies of the United States. "R. E. Lee, Bt.-Col., U. S. A. "Sworn to and subscribed before me at West Point, N. Y., this 15th day of March, 1855. "Wm. H. Carpenter, Justice of the Peace." (17) Letter of Adjutant-General Thomas to Garfield. _Army of Cumberland Society Proceedings_ (Cleveland), 1870, p. 94. (18) _War Records_, vol. i., pp. 11-13. It is worthy of note that at high noon, exactly four years later (1865) the identical flag lowered in dishonor was "raised in glory" over Fort Sumter, Robert Anderson participating. (19) Crawford, p. 421. (20) _Life of Toombs_ (Stovall), p. 226. (21) One man was killed on each side by accident. (22) Letter to Greeley, August 22, 1862, Lincoln's _Com. Works_, vol. ii., p. 227; also same sentiment, letter to Robinson, August 17, 1864, p. 563.