Soap-Making Manual: A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant.Thomssen, Edgar George
Science
Soap-Making Manual: A Practical Handbook on the Raw Materials, Their Manipulation, Analysis and Control in the Modern Soap Plant.
Thomssen, Edgar George
Soap
Into a stoppered weighing bottle containing a known weight of recently
distilled aniline (from 10 to 20 cc.) measure about 2 cc. of the sample,
stopper, mix, cool and weigh. Wash the contents into about 200 cc. of
cold water, and titrate the acidity as before. This yields the acidity
due to the original, preformed, acetic acid plus one-half the acid due
to anhydride (the other half having formed acetanilide); subtract the
second result from the first (both calculated to 100 grams) and double
the result, obtaining the cc. _N_/1 NaOH per 100 grams of the sample. 1
cc. _N_/NaOH equals 0.0510 anhydride.
(_B_) _Pure Fused Sodium Acetate._--The purchased salt is again
completely fused in a platinum, silica or nickel dish, avoiding
charring, powdered quickly and kept in a stoppered bottle or desiccator.
It is most important that the sodium acetate be anhydrous.
(_C_) _A Solution of Caustic Soda for Neutralizing, of about N_/1
_Strength, Free from Carbonate._--This can be readily made by dissolving
pure sodium hydroxide in its own weight of water (preferably water free
from carbon dioxide) and allowing to settle until clear, or filtering
through an asbestos or paper filter. The clear solution is diluted with
water free from carbon dioxide to the strength required.
(_D_) _N_/1 _Caustic Soda Free from Carbonate._--Prepared as above and
carefully standardized. Some caustic soda solutions show a marked
diminution in strength after being boiled; such solutions should be
rejected.
(_E_) _N_/1 _Acid._--Carefully standardized.
(_F_) _Phenolphthalein Solution._--0.5 per cent. phenolphthalein in
alcohol and neutralized.
THE METHOD.
In a narrow-mouthed flask (preferably round-bottomed), capacity about
120 cc., which has been thoroughly cleaned and dried, weigh accurately
and as rapidly as possible 1.25 to 1.5 grams of the glycerine. A Grethan
or Lunge pipette will be found convenient. Add about 3 grams of the
anhydrous sodium acetate, then 7.5 cc. of the acetic anhydride, and
connect the flask with an upright Liebig condenser. For convenience the
inner tube of this condenser should not be over 50 cm. long and 9 to 10
mm. inside diameter. The flask is connected to the condenser by either a
ground glass joint (preferably) or a rubber stopper. If a rubber stopper
is used it should have had a preliminary treatment with hot acetic
anhydride vapor.
Heat the contents and keep just boiling for one hour, taking precautions
to prevent the salts drying on the sides of the flask.
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