Meetings of the cabinet are not public; no records are kept or printed.
Nobody knows what goes on at the meetings of the cabinet except those
who are present. It is a point of honor among the members that no one
will disclose the proceedings to outsiders. Thus the cabinet always
presents an outward appearance of being unanimous. If any member cannot
work in harmony with the President or with his fellow-members, he is
expected to resign.
[Sidenote: 2. As individuals.]
More vital than the functions of the cabinet as a whole are those which
its members perform, as individuals, as heads of their departments.
Every member of the cabinet, as has been mentioned, is the head of a
department, and as such is given charge of some branch of the
government’s work, subject at all times, however, to the direction of
the President. The functions of each department are indicated, in a
general way, by their respective titles.[135] These duties are so
numerous and so varied that the various departments are divided into
bureaus, each bureau having charge of a certain division of the work. On
all routine matters the head of the department has practically
independent authority, but questions of general policy and those which
affect more than one department are either discussed at cabinet meetings
or taken to the President for his decision.[136]
=Should the Cabinet be Enlarged?=—Proposals are now under consideration
for enlarging the cabinet by the creation of a department of education
and a department of public health. It is contended, and perhaps rightly,
that the work of the national government in these two fields is
sufficiently important to warrant their being placed upon the same
footing as agriculture, labor, and commerce. As an alternative it has
been suggested that education and public health might be combined into a
single department of public welfare; but the objection to this is that
the two things have no close relation to each other. There is a feeling,
moreover, that the cabinet should not be made much larger than it now
is. If every request for the creation of a new department were granted,
the cabinet would soon become too cumbrous for the effective performance
of its advisory functions.
=American and English Cabinet Systems Compared.=—The cabinet system in
the United States is like that of England in some respects and different
in others. These similarities and contrasts may be made clear by putting
them in parallel columns.
SIMILARITIES
1. The American cabinet system 1. The English cabinet system also
rests on custom or usage. rests on usage, having no basis
in the laws of England.
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