11. =How women can serve their community.= MARY R. BEARD, _Woman’s Work in Municipalities_, especially pp. 319-337. 12. =May the obstacles to good citizenship be overcome?= JAMES BRYCE, _The Hindrances to Good Citizenship_, pp. 105-134. 13. =School government as a training for citizenship.= _U. S. Bureau of Education Bulletin No. 8_ (1915), pp. 7-31; IRVING KING, _Education for Social Efficiency_, pp. 158-176. Questions 1. What is the difference between the following: citizens, subjects, nationals, residents, denizens, aliens? 2. What is meant by the expression to “swear allegiance”? To “forswear allegiance”? Repeat the oath of allegiance. When is the oath taken (_a_) by aliens; (_b_) by citizens? 3. Are the following American citizens by birth: (_a_) a boy born abroad, of alien parentage, whose parents came to the United States and were naturalized after he was over twenty-one years of age; (_b_) children of Chinese parents, born in the United States; (_c_) children of American parents, born in the Philippines; (_d_) children of Porto Rican parents, born in Europe since 1917? 4. Name four important civic rights. Arrange in each case a set of facts which would constitute a violation of a civic right. 5. The constitution provides that the people shall have the right to assemble peaceably. Would it be a violation of this right to require that a permit from the police must be had in order to hold any meeting in the streets or in the public parks? 6. Discuss the extent to which the public school is a “miniature democracy”. Is it organized like a democratic government? To what extent and under what circumstances can school pupils be entrusted with self-government or given a share in the maintenance of discipline? 7. To what extent can public opinion be relied upon to enforce the rules (_a_) in athletics; (_b_) in the class-rooms; (_c_) in business; (_d_) in government? Would laws be effective if there were no penalties but the censure of public opinion to enforce them? If not, why not? 8. What is the value of a high school or college education in training young men and women (_a_) to make a living; (_b_) to become leaders; (_c_) to help their fellow-citizens; (_d_) to hold public office? Towards which of these things does education contribute the most? 9. Can any one be a good citizen without knowing how government is carried on? Without knowing American history? Without belonging to any social or civic organization? Without voting at elections? Without being at all interested in social or political questions? Topics for Debate 1. No one who is not a citizen should be permitted to become a voter. 2. The obligation of military service ought to be imposed upon aliens as well as upon citizens. 3. The teaching of civics should be made compulsory in all grammar and high schools. ----- Footnote 13: