2. =The initiative and referendum in their practical workings.= =References=: J. D. BARNETT, _The Operation of the Initiative, Referendum and Recall in Oregon_, pp. 101-125; Illinois Constitutional Convention (1920), _Bulletins_, No. 2; Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1917-1918), _Bulletins_, No. 6; A. L. LOWELL, _Public Opinion and Popular Government_, pp. 169-239; D. F. WILCOX, _Government by All the People_, pp. 229-320; ARNOLD B. HALL, _Popular Government_, pp. 120-143. 3. =The civil service system: its progress, aims, and methods.= =References=: A. B. HART, _Actual Government_, pp. 276-294; C. A. BEARD, _American Government and Politics_, pp. 222-230; P. S. REINSCH, _Readings in American Federal Government_, pp. 683-702; W. B. MUNRO, _Government of American Cities_, pp. 271-290; C. R. FISH, _The Civil Service and the Patronage_, _passim_; J. T. YOUNG, _The New American Government and its Work_, pp. 592-608. Short Studies 1. =The responsibility of public officials.= F. A. CLEVELAND, _Organized Democracy_, pp. 394-409. 2. =The function of a representative.= J. W. JENKS, _Principles of Politics_, pp. 77-84; J. S. MILL, _On Representative Government_ (Everyman’s Library), pp. 202-218; 228-241. 3. =The election vs. the appointment of public officials.= JOHN M. MATHEWS, _Principles of American State Administration_, pp. 173-190. 4. =The spoils system.= JAMES BRYCE, _American Commonwealth_, Vol. II, pp. 136-145; JAMES A. WOODBURN, _Political Parties and Party Problems_, pp. 254-265. See also W. D. FOULKE, _Fighting the Spoilsmen_, _passim_. 5. =Training for public service.= W. H. ALLEN, _Training for the Public Service_, pp. 164-200. 6. =How civil service tests are given.= L. F. FULD, _Police Administration_, pp. 75-97. 7. =The public service as a profession.= A. L. LOWELL, _Public Opinion and Popular Government_, pp. 264-305; W. H. ALLEN, _Training for the Public Service_, pp. 164-181; E. A. FITZPATRICK, _Experts in City Government_, pp. 71-104. 8. =The recall of public officers.= ARNOLD B. HALL, _Popular Government_, pp. 203-241. Questions 1. How many “organs” of public opinion can you name? How does each exert an influence? Which one do you consider the most influential? 2. Is public opinion always the sentiment of the majority? If it is not, explain why. Give a concrete illustration. 3. Do you agree with Edmund Burke’s ideas as to the proper function of a representative? 4. When the question of woman suffrage was before the United States Senate, and only one additional vote was needed to pass it, a certain senator declared that while he was personally in favor of granting the suffrage to women the people of his own state had just voted against the proposal and he therefore felt bound to follow their judgment. Was he right or wrong in taking that attitude?