[Footnote 160: We have courteous letters from Cicero both to Piso and Vatinius, only a few years after he had depicted them in public as monsters of iniquity.] [Footnote 161: Plut. C. Gracchus, ch. 6 _ad fin_. Cp. Livy vii. 33.] [Footnote 162: These characteristic figures may be most conveniently seen in Strong's interesting volume on Roman sculpture, p. 42 foll.] [Footnote 163: Plut. _Cato_, ch. 1. _ad fin_. Blanditia was the word for civility in a candidate: "opus est magnopere blanditia," says Quintus Cicero, _de pet cons_.§ 41.] [Footnote 164: There is a pleasanter picture of Cato, sitting in Lucullus' library and in his right mind, in Cic. _de Finibus_ iii. 2. 7.] [Footnote 165: See Leo, in work already cited, p. 338 foll.] [Footnote 166: For this remarkable writer, of whose work only a few fragments survive, see Leo, _op. cit._ p. 340, and Schanz, _Gesch. der röm. Literatur_, i. p. 278 foll.] [Footnote 167: Cicero, _Brutus_, 75, 262.] [Footnote 168: The other Caesarian writers followed him more or less successfully; Hirtius, who wrote the eighth book of the Gallic War, and the authors of the Alexandrian, African, and Spanish Wars (the first possibly by Asinius Pollio).] [Footnote 169: Leo, _op. cit._ p. 355.] [Footnote 170: See below, ch. vi.] [Footnote 171: The passage just cited from the _de Finibus_ (iii. 27) introduces us to the library of Lucullus at Tusculum, whither Cicero had gone to consult books, and where he found Cato sitting surrounded by volumes of Stoic treatises.] [Footnote 172: The fragments of Panaetius are collected by H.N. Fowler, Bonn, 1885. The best account of his teaching known to me is in Schmekel, _Philosophie der Mittleren Stoa_, p. 18 foll. But all can read the two first books of the _de Officiis_.] [Footnote 173: Leo, _op. cit._ p. 360. Schmekel deals comprehensively with Posidonius' philosophy, as reflected in Varro and Cicero, p. 85 foll.] [Footnote 174: See Professor Reid's introduction to Cicero's _Academica_, p. 17. Cicero considered Posidonius the greatest of the Stoics.--_Ib._ p. 5.] [Footnote 175: Cic. _de Legibus_ i. affords many examples of this view, which was apparently that of Posidonius, e.g. 6. 18 and 8. 25. Cp. _de Republica_, iii. 22. 33.] [Footnote 176: Gaius i. i; Cic. _de Officiis_ iii. 5. 23; Mommsen, _Staatsrecht_, iii. p. 604, based on the research of H. Nettleship in _Journal of Philology_, vol. xiii. p. 175. See also Sohm, _Institutes of Roman Law_, ch. ii.] [Footnote 177: _Brutus_ 41. 151, where he plainly ranks him above Scaevola. The passage is a most interesting one, deserving careful attention.] [Footnote 178: The _Ninth Philippic_: the passage referred to in the text is 5. 10 foll.] [Footnote 179: I omit _pro Murena_, chs. vii. and xxi., for want of space. Sulpicius was opposing Cicero in this case, and the latter's allusions to him are useful specimens of the good breeding spoken of above.]