[Footnote 248: A list of the best authorities will be found at the beginning of Professor Wilkins' book. Of these by far the most useful for a student is the section in Marquardt's _Privatleben_, p. 79 foll. The two volumes of Cramer (_Geschichte der Erziehung_, etc.), which cover all antiquity, are, as he says, most valuable for their breadth of view. See also H. Nettleship, _Lectures and Essays_, ch. iii. foll.] [Footnote 249: Plut. _Cato the Elder_, ch. xx.] [Footnote 250: Plut. _Aem. Paul._ ch. vi.] [Footnote 251: Plut. _Cato minor 1 ad fin._ What is told in the earlier part of this chapter may perhaps be invention, based on the character of the grown man; but this information at the end may be derived from a contemporary source.] [Footnote 252: Val. Max. iii. 1. 2.] [Footnote 253: There is a single story of Cicero's boyhood in Plutarch's _Life_ of him, ch. ii., that parents used to visit his school because of his fame as a scholar, etc., but to this I do not attach much importance.] [Footnote 254: So in _ad Q.F._ iii. 1. 7: de Cicerone tuo quod me semper rogas, etc.] [Footnote 255: Ib.] [Footnote 256: Ib. iii. 3. 4.] [Footnote 257: Ib. iii. 9.] [Footnote 258: See the few fragments in the Appendix to Riese's edition of the remains of Varro's Menippean Satires, p. 248 foll.] [Footnote 259: _De Rep._ iv. 3. 3.] [Footnote 260: Plut. _Cato_ 20.] [Footnote 261: There is probably an allusion to the Stoic view, that reason is not attained till the fourteenth year, in Virgil's line in _Ecl._ 4. 27.] [Footnote 262: in Nonius, p. 108, s.v. ephippium. Cp. the account of the education of Cato's young son, Plut. _Cato_, 20. Cp. also Virg. _Aen._ ix. 602 foll.] [Footnote 263: in Nonius, p. 156, s.v. puerae.] [Footnote 264: p. 281, ed. Müller.] [Footnote 265: Her. _Odes_ iii. 6.] [Footnote 266: Dionys. Hal. ii. 26.] [Footnote 267: Cic. _pro Cluentio_ 60. 165; Marq. _Privatleben_, p. 87.] [Footnote 268: See a paper by the author in _Classical Rev._ vol. x. p. 317, in which evidence is collected in support of this view. That the praetexta had a quasi-sacred character seems certain; see e.g. Hor. _Epod._ 5. 7; Persius, v. 30; pseudo-Quintilian, _Declam._ 340. See Henzen, _Acta Fratrum Arvalium_ 15, for the pueri patrimi et matrimi, representing in that ancient cult the children of the old Roman family.] [Footnote 269: Cic. _de Legibus_, ii. 59.] [Footnote 270: Polyb. vi. 53. For an account of the practice of laudatio see Marq. _Privatleben_, p. 346 foll. This, too, degenerated into falsification.] [Footnote 271: A full list of games will be found in Marquardt, _Privatleben_, p. 814 foll.] [Footnote 272: The question is discussed by Quintilian, i. 2.] [Footnote 273: Plut. Aem. Fault. 6.] [Footnote 274: Full details about elementary schools in Wilkins, ch. iv., and Marq p. 90 foll.] [Footnote 275: Quintil. i. 3. 14.] [Footnote 276: Plutarch is careful to tell us that Aem. Paullus exercised this supervision himself (ch. vi.).]