[Footnote 548: See above, p. 115.] [Footnote 549: e.g. xxi. 62.] [Footnote 550: Ribbeck, _Fragm. Trag. Rom._ p. 54: Ego deum genus esse semper dixi et dicam coelitum, Sed eos non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus.] [Footnote 551: See above, p. 114.] [Footnote 552: See H.N. Fowler, _Panaetii et Hecatonis librorum fragmenta_, p. 10; Hirzel, _Untersuchungen zu Cicero's philosophischen Schriften_, i. p. 194 foll.] [Footnote 553: See above, p. 115.] [Footnote 554: Schmekel, _Die Mittlere Stoa_, p. 85 foll.; Hirzel, _Untersuchungen_, etc., i. p. 194 foll.] [Footnote 555: The fragments are collected by E. Agahd, Leipzig, 1898. The great majority are found in St. Augustine, _de Civitate Dei_.] [Footnote 556: As Wissowa says (_Religion und Kultus der Römer_, p. 100), Jupiter does not appear in Roman language and literature as a personality who thunders or rains, but rather as the heaven itself combining these various manifestations of activity. The most familiar illustration of the usage alluded to in the text is the line of Horace in _Odes_ i. 1. 25: "manet sub Iove frigido venator."] [Footnote 557: ap. Aug. _Civ. Dei_, iv. 11.] [Footnote 558: _Ib._ vii. 9.] [Footnote 559: ap. Aug. _Civ. Dei_, vii. 13: animus mundi is here so called, but evidently identified with Jupiter.] [Footnote 560: _Ib._ vii. 9.] [Footnote 561: _Ib._ iv. 11, 13.] [Footnote 562: Aug. _de consensu evangel._ i. 23, 24. Cp. _Civ. Dei_, iv. 9.] [Footnote 563: _Ib._ i. 22. 30; _Civ. Dei_, xix. 22.] [Footnote 564: See Wissowa, _Religion und Kultus_, p. 103.] [Footnote 565: _de Rep_. iii. 22. See above, p. 117.] [Footnote 566: _de Legilus_, ii. 10.] [Footnote 567: _de Nat. Deor._. i. 15. 40: "idem etiam legis perpetuae et eternae vim, quae quasi dux vitae et magistra officiorum sit, Iovem dicit esse, eandemque fatalem necessitatem appellat, sempiternam rerum futurarum veritatem." Chrysippus of course was speaking of the Greek Zeus.] [Footnote 568: e.g. _de Off._ iii. 28; _de Nat. Deor._ i. 116.] [Footnote 569: Glover, _Studies in Virgil_, p. 275.] [Footnote 570: It is interesting to note that in the religious revival of Augustus Jupiter by no means has a leading place. See Carter, _Religion of Numa_, p. 160, where, however, the attitude of Augustus towards the great god is perhaps over-emphasised. On the relation of Virgil's Jupiter to Fate, see E. Norden, _Virgils epische Technik_, p. 286 foll. Seneca, it is worth noting, never mentions Jupiter as the centre of the Stoic Pantheon.--Dill, _Roman Society from Nero to M. Aurelius_, p. 331.] [Footnote 571: See an article by the author in _Hibbert Journal_, July 1907, p. 847.] [Footnote 572: Plut. _Sulla_, 6.] [Footnote 573: Valerius Maximus ii. 3.] [Footnote 574: _de Div_. i. 32. 68.] [Footnote 575: Plut. _Brutus_, 36, 37.] [Footnote 576: Sall. _Cat._ 51; Cic. _Cat._ iv. 4. 7.] [Footnote 577: Cic. _de Rep._ iv. 24.] [Footnote 578: Reid, _The Academics of Cicero_, Introduction, p. 18.]