In other books, especially in _Myth, Ritual, and Religion_, and _Custom and Myth_, I have examined apparent survivals of Totemism, in ancient Greece, ancient Egypt, and other civilised countries. Of these the most notable are the Greek myths of descent of families from animals, explained as the temporary vehicles of Zeus or Apollo: and the worship of special animals by each of the Nomes of Egypt. Other arguments I have offered, especially in the case of Apollo and the Shrew Mouse. I remain of the opinion that many of the Greek mythical and religious phenomena noted, are most probably to be explained as survivals of a totemic past. Of course Totemism is only one element in animal worship, and the Corn Spirit, disguised as almost any animal you please, may be one of the other elements. But, as far as I have studied the subject, I agree with Mr. Tylor in his ‘protest against the manner in which totems have been placed almost at the foundation of religion. Totemism ... has been exaggerated out of proportion to its real theological magnitude.... The rise and growth of ideas of deity, a branch of knowledge requiring the largest range of information and the greatest care in inference, cannot, I hold, be judged on the basis of a section of theology of secondary importance--namely, animal worship--much less of a special section of that--namely, the association of a species of animals (and of a vast variety of other things) ‘with a clan of men which results in Totemism. A theoretical structure has been raised quite too wide and high for such a foundation.’[31] The totem god himself I regard as only the hypothesis by which certain barbaric races account to themselves for the survivals of Totemism among them. The so-called ‘totem sacrament’ is not ‘god-eating,’ but a piece of magic, used in ceremonies designed to foster--or to vex and annoy--the totem. As Mr. Tylor writes, ‘till the totem sacrament is vouched for by some more real proof, it had better fall out of speculative theology.’ DID THE ANCESTORS OF THE CIVILISED RACES PASS THROUGH THE AUSTRALIAN STAGE?