Mr. Morgan’s theory, it must be observed, landed him at once in the fallacy of supposing that prohibitions of marriage of kinsfolk were originally the result of ‘a reformatory movement.’[4] We have seen that, granting, for the sake of argument, Mr. Morgan’s premise of an original ‘undivided commune,’ Mr. Fison is also deposited in the same difficulty, and was once even inclined to regard a theory of intervention ‘by a higher power’ (the Dieri myth) as not necessarily out of the question, if marriage was once communal. To reform such marriage relations, he says, ‘would be a step in advance so difficult for men in that utter depth of savagery to take, that they would not be able to take it, unless they had help from without. This might be given by contact with a more advanced tribe; but if all the tribes started from the same level, that impulse would be impossible in the first instance, and must have been derived from a higher power.’[5] Mr. Fison, as we saw, has since expressed the opinion that the origin of exogamy is probably indiscoverable, but I cite again his early remark to prove his sense of the insuperable difficulty of Mr. Morgan’s theory. How were men in his hypothetical condition to know that there was anything to reform? It needed a divine revelation! Mr. Morgan was himself aware of this difficulty, and tried to get out of it, by using Darwinian phrases about ‘natural selection’--‘blessed words,’ but here unavailing. He was in the posture of Mr. Spencer, between direct legislation to introduce exogamy, and gradual evolution of exogamy, as the slow result of the felt need of ‘_some_ organisation,’--its nature and purpose unknown. Thus Mr. Morgan, speaking of communal marriage, and its results, says that ‘emancipation from them was slowly accomplished through movements which resulted in unconscious reformation.’ These movements were, first, the ‘class’ system, then the ‘_gens_’ (totem system), ‘worked out unconsciously through natural selection.’[6] This means, if it means anything, that, by a freak or sport, some people did not marry in and in, that they unconsciously evolved the totem system, that they therefore throve, while others who married in and in, and did not evolve the totem system, perished, and so we have the results of ‘natural selection.’ But why did some people avoid the habit of marriages of near kin which was so general? The position is that of Dr. Westermarck, who adds an ‘instinct,’ developed by natural selection,[7] an idea which involves arguing in a circle. Again, that peoples marrying in the communal way would die out has to be proved: science has no certainty in the matter.