Intelligent social prediction is contradictory to determinism, because,
instead of ignoring the creative will, it accepts it and endeavors by
sympathy to enter into it and foresee its working. If I predict an
artistic or humanitarian movement, it is partly because I feel as if I
myself, with whatever freedom and creative power is in me, would choose
to share in such a movement.
The possibility of social science rests upon the hypothesis that social
life is in some sense rational and sequent. It has been assumed that
this can be true only if it is mechanically calculable. But there may
easily be another sort of rationality and sequence, not mechanical,
consistent with a kind of freedom, which makes possible an organized
development of social knowledge answering to the organic character of
the social process. The life of men has a unity and order of its own,
which may or may not prove to be the same in essence as that which rules
the stars. It seems to include a creative element which must be grasped
by the participating activity of the mind rather than by computations.
How far it can be known and predicted is a matter for trial. The right
method is the one that may be found to give the best results. Apparently
it is not, except in subordinate degree, the numerical method.
A sociologist must have the patient love of truth and the need to reduce
it to principles which all men of science require. Besides this,
however, he needs the fullest sympathy and participation in the currents
of life. He can no more stand aloof than can the novelist or the poet,
and all his work is, in a certain sense, autobiographic. I mean that it
is all based on perceptions which he has won by actual living. He should
know his groups as Mr. Bryce came to know America, with a real intimacy
due to long and considerate familiarity with individuals, families,
cities, and manifold opinions and traditions. He cannot be a specialist
in the same way that a chemist or a botanist can, because he cannot
narrow his life without narrowing his grasp of his subject. To attempt
to build up sociology as a technical tradition remote from the great
currents of literature and philosophy, would, in my opinion, be a fatal
error. It cannot avoid being difficult, but it should be as little
abstruse as possible. If it is not human it is nothing.
I have often thought that, in endowment, Goethe was almost the ideal
sociologist, and that one who added to more common traits his
comprehension, his disinterestedness and his sense for organic unity and
movement might accomplish almost anything.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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